What is the purpose of the System class?
The purpose of the System class is to provide access to system resources.
What is the purpose of the finally clause of a try-catch-finally statement?
The finally clause is used to provide the capability to execute code no matter whether or not an exception is thrown or caught.
What is the Locale class?
The Locale class is used to tailor program output to the conventions of a particular geographic, political, or cultural region.
What is an abstract method?
An abstract method is a method whose implementation is deferred to a subclass. Or, a method that has no implementation.
What is the difference between interface and abstract class?
interface contains methods that must be abstract; abstract class may contain concrete methods. interface contains variables that must be static and final; abstract class may contain non-final and final variables. members in an interface are public by default, abstract class may contain non-public members. interface is used to "implements"; whereas abstract class is used to "extends". interface can be used to achieve multiple inheritance; abstract class can be used as a single inheritance. interface can "extends" another interface, abstract class can "extends" another class and "implements" multiple interfaces. interface is absolutely abstract; abstract class can be invoked if a main() exists. interface is more flexible than abstract class because one class can only "extends" one super class, but "implements" multiple interfaces. If given a choice, use interface instead of abstract class.
What is a static method?
A static method is a method that belongs to the class rather than any object of the class and doesn't apply to an object or even require that any objects of the class have been instantiated.
What is a protected method?
A protected method is a method that can be accessed by any method in its package and inherited by any subclass of its class.
What is the difference between a static and a non-static inner class?
A non-static inner class may have object instances that are associated with instances of the class's outer class. A static inner class does not have any object instances.
What is an object's lock and which object's have locks?
An object's lock is a mechanism that is used by multiple threads to obtain synchronized access to the object. A thread may execute a synchronized method of an object only after it has acquired the object's lock. All objects and classes have locks. A class's lock is acquired on the class's Class object.
When can an object reference be cast to an interface reference?
An object reference can be cast to an interface reference when the object implements the referenced interface.
What is the difference between a Window and a Frame?
The Frame class extends Window to define a main application window that can have a menu bar.
What is the difference between a Window and a Frame?
Heavy weight components like Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT), depend on the local windowing toolkit. For example, java.awt.Button is a heavy weight component, when it is running on the Java platform for Unix platform, it maps to a real Motif button. In this relationship, the Motif button is called the peer to the java.awt.Button. If you create two Buttons, two peers and hence two Motif Buttons are also created. The Java platform communicates with the Motif Buttons using the Java Native Interface. For each and every component added to the application, there is an additional overhead tied to the local windowing system, which is why these components are called heavy weight.
Which package has light weight components?
javax.Swing package. All components in Swing, except JApplet, JDialog, JFrame and JWindow are lightweight components.
What are peerless components?
The peerless components are called light weight components.
What is the difference between the Font and FontMetrics classes?
The FontMetrics class is used to define implementation-specific properties, such as ascent and descent, of a Font object
Wednesday, December 31, 2008
Tuesday, December 30, 2008
SAP Modules Interview Questions Answers Vol - 3
What is the difference between the stock transfer between two plants belonging to same company code and those belonging to different company code?
Answer1:
A stock transfer from plant to plant generally takes place within a company code. It can, however, also take place between two company codes, if the plants are assigned to different valuation areas, which belong to different company codes.
Unlike a stock transfer from storage location to storage location, a stock transfer from plant to plant affects both accounting and Materials Planning, as follows:
* Accounting
Accounting is affected if both plants are assigned to different valuation areas. This means that a stock transfer leads not only to a quantity update but also to a value update (stock value, G/L accounts). Thus, parallel to the material document for stock transfer, an accounting document is created.
* Materials Planning
Materials Planning is affected because a change of plant stock is taken into account by Materials Planning.
Answer2:
The stock transfer from one plant to another belonging to same company code is same as that of belonging to different company code functionally.
In both the types of transfers, there will be a material document generated which will update the QTY in both the plants in the respective storage location.
Accounting document generation will depend on the valuation level of the material. If the materials are being valuated at company level and it is being transferred from one plant to another belonging to the same company code, no accounting entry is generated. However, if the valuation is being done at plant level, the accounting document will be generated in both the cases.
What are the fields in purchasing view?
- RFQ/Quotation
- Purchase requisition
- Purchase order
- Master data (Info record, Source list, Conditions, Vendors etc.)v - Outline agreements
How do you create movement types? What are the steps involved? When will you recommend a new movement type?
A movement type can be created using T code OMJJ. Copying an existing movement type and modifying the field contents can create a new movement type.
The SAP system is delivered with some pre-defined movement types from 100 to 899. 900 onwards can be used for customized movement types.
What is meant by access sequence? When it is used?
Condition type has an access sequence assigned to it which determines which tables to access for data and in what sequence. This has a sequence of table based on the most specific to most generic.
It can be used for any new condition type creation.
How does the PO pick up the pricing schema?
The pricing procedure assigned to a vendor has a calculation schema attached to it. This schema defines the various conditions’ pre-requisite, calculation & sequence in the PO. Generally, only one type of pricing procedure is followed for all the vendors.
What are the types of special stocks available?
- Consignment stock - vendor
- Components provided to vendor
- Project stock
- Consignment stock – customer
- Pipeline material
- Orders on hand
What are the types of inforecords?
- Standard
- Pipeline
- Consignment
- Subcontracting
What is meant by consignment stock?
Consignment stock is the material which is lying in the premises but is not owned by the company. It has no value assigned to it until it is taken into own stock. Once it is used in production or to be sold, it is taken into own stock.
What are the steps involved in consignment cycle?
Consignment cycle is similar to a standard purchase cycle. The difference it that no accounting document is created at the time of goods receipts only QTY is updated.
It is settled once the same is utilized.
Tell me about the subcontracting cycle.
When the material is sent for subcontracting i.e. some value addition, it is converted into a different material. It needs a BOM to define the components of the finished item being received.
How is scrap accounted in subcontracting?
The scrap or the process loss can be adjusted while doing a quality inspection of the material received after subcontracting.
How are the byproducts taken care of in subcontracting?
Byproducts can be taken care of by defining them in the BOM
Answer1:
A stock transfer from plant to plant generally takes place within a company code. It can, however, also take place between two company codes, if the plants are assigned to different valuation areas, which belong to different company codes.
Unlike a stock transfer from storage location to storage location, a stock transfer from plant to plant affects both accounting and Materials Planning, as follows:
* Accounting
Accounting is affected if both plants are assigned to different valuation areas. This means that a stock transfer leads not only to a quantity update but also to a value update (stock value, G/L accounts). Thus, parallel to the material document for stock transfer, an accounting document is created.
* Materials Planning
Materials Planning is affected because a change of plant stock is taken into account by Materials Planning.
Answer2:
The stock transfer from one plant to another belonging to same company code is same as that of belonging to different company code functionally.
In both the types of transfers, there will be a material document generated which will update the QTY in both the plants in the respective storage location.
Accounting document generation will depend on the valuation level of the material. If the materials are being valuated at company level and it is being transferred from one plant to another belonging to the same company code, no accounting entry is generated. However, if the valuation is being done at plant level, the accounting document will be generated in both the cases.
What are the fields in purchasing view?
- RFQ/Quotation
- Purchase requisition
- Purchase order
- Master data (Info record, Source list, Conditions, Vendors etc.)v - Outline agreements
How do you create movement types? What are the steps involved? When will you recommend a new movement type?
A movement type can be created using T code OMJJ. Copying an existing movement type and modifying the field contents can create a new movement type.
The SAP system is delivered with some pre-defined movement types from 100 to 899. 900 onwards can be used for customized movement types.
What is meant by access sequence? When it is used?
Condition type has an access sequence assigned to it which determines which tables to access for data and in what sequence. This has a sequence of table based on the most specific to most generic.
It can be used for any new condition type creation.
How does the PO pick up the pricing schema?
The pricing procedure assigned to a vendor has a calculation schema attached to it. This schema defines the various conditions’ pre-requisite, calculation & sequence in the PO. Generally, only one type of pricing procedure is followed for all the vendors.
What are the types of special stocks available?
- Consignment stock - vendor
- Components provided to vendor
- Project stock
- Consignment stock – customer
- Pipeline material
- Orders on hand
What are the types of inforecords?
- Standard
- Pipeline
- Consignment
- Subcontracting
What is meant by consignment stock?
Consignment stock is the material which is lying in the premises but is not owned by the company. It has no value assigned to it until it is taken into own stock. Once it is used in production or to be sold, it is taken into own stock.
What are the steps involved in consignment cycle?
Consignment cycle is similar to a standard purchase cycle. The difference it that no accounting document is created at the time of goods receipts only QTY is updated.
It is settled once the same is utilized.
Tell me about the subcontracting cycle.
When the material is sent for subcontracting i.e. some value addition, it is converted into a different material. It needs a BOM to define the components of the finished item being received.
How is scrap accounted in subcontracting?
The scrap or the process loss can be adjusted while doing a quality inspection of the material received after subcontracting.
How are the byproducts taken care of in subcontracting?
Byproducts can be taken care of by defining them in the BOM
Saturday, December 27, 2008
SAP ABAP Interview Questions Answers Vol - 3
What is the difference between collect and sum?
SUM.
When processing an internal table in a block starting with LOOP and concluded by ENDLOOP , SUM calculates the control totals of all fields of type I , F and P (see also ABAP/4 number types ) and places them in the LOOP output area (header line of the internal table or an explicitly specified work area).
When you use SUM in a LOOP with an explicitly specified output area, this output area must be compatible with the line type of the internal table.When using LOOP to process a sorted extract (see SORT ), the control total of f at the end of the group appears in the field SUM(f) - - if f is type I , F or P .
COLLECT.
COLLECT is used to create unique or compressed datsets. The key fields are the default key fields of the internal table itab .
If you use only COLLECT to fill an internal table, COLLECT makes sure that the internal table does not contain two entries with the same default key fields.
If, besides its default key fields, the internal table contains number fields,the contents of these number fields are added together if the internal table already contains an entry with the same key fields.
If the default key of an internal table processed with COLLECT is blank, all the values are added up in the first table line.
If you specify wa INTO , the entry to be processed is taken from the explicitly specified work area wa . If not, it comes from the header line of the internal table itab .
After COLLECT , the system field SY-TABIX contains the index of the - existing or new - table entry with default key fields which match those of the entry to be processed.
COLLECT can create unique or compressed datasets and should be used precisely for this purpose. If uniqueness or compression are unimportant, or two values with identical default key field values could not possibly occur in your particular task, you should use APPEND instead. However, for a unique or compressed dataset which is also efficient, COLLECT is the statement to use.
If you process a table with COLLECT , you should also use COLLECT to fill it. Only by doing this can you guarantee that the internal table will actually be unique or compressed, as described above and COLLECT will run very efficiently.
If you use COLLECT with an explicitly specified work area, it must be compatible with the line type of the internal table.
How we format the data before before write statement in report ?
We can format the reports output by using the loop events like:
1.at first
2.at new
3.at last
etc check docu
What is the difference between Table and Template?
table is a dynamic and template is a static
When do we use End-of-selection?
End-of-selection event are mostly used when we are writing HR-ABAP code. In the HR-ABAP code, data is retrived in the Start-of-selection event and Printing on the list and all will be done in End-of-selection event.
In events start-of-selection is default event. When we have to use this event explicitly? Why?
The default event in the ABAP is Start-of-selection.We have to call explicitely this event when you are writing other than ths event , that is when you write AT SELECTION-SCREEN EVENTS OR INITIALIZATION EVENT etc,you have to explicitely mention the Start-of-selection event while you are writing the logic.
Before these events called ,all the code you have written come into this default Start-of-selection screen event.
What is the differences between ABAP and OOABAP. In which situation we use OOABAP?
OOABAP is used to develop BSP/PCUI applications and also anthing involved object oriented like BADIs, SmartForms..etc.where as ABAP is used to develop traditional programs in R/3.
What is table buffer? Which type of tables used this buffer?
buffer is nothing but a memory area. table is buffered means that table information is available on application server. when you call data from database table it will come from application server.
transperent and pooled tables are buffered. cluster tables can not buffered.
What is the use of pretty printer ?
Exactly where can we link the functional module to abap coding.
Pretty Printer is used to format the ABAP Code we write in ABAP Editor ,like KEY WORDS in Capitals and remaining are in small letters which is also depend on system settings.
We can call the function module in the ABAP Code .Press the Pattern button on Appl. tool bar then u will get box where u write the function module NAME which u want to call in the code by selecting the radio button CALL FUNCTION. In this way we link function module to ABAP Code.
What is the difference between SAP memory and ABAP memory?
Answer1:
data sending between main sessions using get parameter and set parameter is sap memory
data sending between internal sessions using import or export parameters is abap memory
Answer2:
sap memory is a global memory whereas abap memory is local memory.
For example, we have four programs in abap memory and assigned some varibles to a particular program in abap memory then those varibles can't be used by anyother program in abap memory i.e., the variables are only for that program and also local to that memory,whereas sap memory can access all the abap memory or else it can perform any kind of modifications.
Answer3:
SAP memory is available to the user during the entire terminal session.
ABAP memory is available to the user during life time of external session.
SUM.
When processing an internal table in a block starting with LOOP and concluded by ENDLOOP , SUM calculates the control totals of all fields of type I , F and P (see also ABAP/4 number types ) and places them in the LOOP output area (header line of the internal table or an explicitly specified work area).
When you use SUM in a LOOP with an explicitly specified output area, this output area must be compatible with the line type of the internal table.When using LOOP to process a sorted extract (see SORT ), the control total of f at the end of the group appears in the field SUM(f) - - if f is type I , F or P .
COLLECT.
COLLECT is used to create unique or compressed datsets. The key fields are the default key fields of the internal table itab .
If you use only COLLECT to fill an internal table, COLLECT makes sure that the internal table does not contain two entries with the same default key fields.
If, besides its default key fields, the internal table contains number fields,the contents of these number fields are added together if the internal table already contains an entry with the same key fields.
If the default key of an internal table processed with COLLECT is blank, all the values are added up in the first table line.
If you specify wa INTO , the entry to be processed is taken from the explicitly specified work area wa . If not, it comes from the header line of the internal table itab .
After COLLECT , the system field SY-TABIX contains the index of the - existing or new - table entry with default key fields which match those of the entry to be processed.
COLLECT can create unique or compressed datasets and should be used precisely for this purpose. If uniqueness or compression are unimportant, or two values with identical default key field values could not possibly occur in your particular task, you should use APPEND instead. However, for a unique or compressed dataset which is also efficient, COLLECT is the statement to use.
If you process a table with COLLECT , you should also use COLLECT to fill it. Only by doing this can you guarantee that the internal table will actually be unique or compressed, as described above and COLLECT will run very efficiently.
If you use COLLECT with an explicitly specified work area, it must be compatible with the line type of the internal table.
How we format the data before before write statement in report ?
We can format the reports output by using the loop events like:
1.at first
2.at new
3.at last
etc check docu
What is the difference between Table and Template?
table is a dynamic and template is a static
When do we use End-of-selection?
End-of-selection event are mostly used when we are writing HR-ABAP code. In the HR-ABAP code, data is retrived in the Start-of-selection event and Printing on the list and all will be done in End-of-selection event.
In events start-of-selection is default event. When we have to use this event explicitly? Why?
The default event in the ABAP is Start-of-selection.We have to call explicitely this event when you are writing other than ths event , that is when you write AT SELECTION-SCREEN EVENTS OR INITIALIZATION EVENT etc,you have to explicitely mention the Start-of-selection event while you are writing the logic.
Before these events called ,all the code you have written come into this default Start-of-selection screen event.
What is the differences between ABAP and OOABAP. In which situation we use OOABAP?
OOABAP is used to develop BSP/PCUI applications and also anthing involved object oriented like BADIs, SmartForms..etc.where as ABAP is used to develop traditional programs in R/3.
What is table buffer? Which type of tables used this buffer?
buffer is nothing but a memory area. table is buffered means that table information is available on application server. when you call data from database table it will come from application server.
transperent and pooled tables are buffered. cluster tables can not buffered.
What is the use of pretty printer ?
Exactly where can we link the functional module to abap coding.
Pretty Printer is used to format the ABAP Code we write in ABAP Editor ,like KEY WORDS in Capitals and remaining are in small letters which is also depend on system settings.
We can call the function module in the ABAP Code .Press the Pattern button on Appl. tool bar then u will get box where u write the function module NAME which u want to call in the code by selecting the radio button CALL FUNCTION. In this way we link function module to ABAP Code.
What is the difference between SAP memory and ABAP memory?
Answer1:
data sending between main sessions using get parameter and set parameter is sap memory
data sending between internal sessions using import or export parameters is abap memory
Answer2:
sap memory is a global memory whereas abap memory is local memory.
For example, we have four programs in abap memory and assigned some varibles to a particular program in abap memory then those varibles can't be used by anyother program in abap memory i.e., the variables are only for that program and also local to that memory,whereas sap memory can access all the abap memory or else it can perform any kind of modifications.
Answer3:
SAP memory is available to the user during the entire terminal session.
ABAP memory is available to the user during life time of external session.
Friday, December 26, 2008
SAP Modules Interview Questions Answers Vol - 2
In real time, How listing and exclusion is used ?
Listing and exclusion is used in chemical and pharma industries for ex:-Particular customer is not having a valid license of selling some chemical/Medicines and he is ordering the same. in this case listing and exclusion is useful
What is the schema you use in Time Management?
Schema : TC00
What is the work relation between SAP-MM, SD and fi/co modules?
SAP is the integration of all the modules and the topics are very relavent to each other because basically its management skillsetgroup. From manufacturing the product/goods/services to reaching the customer. All the transaction process is depending on sales area, sales doc, item proposals, shipping, delivery and billing.
In SAP-HR, What is the landscape of your project?
Landscape in SAP consists the following: 1. IDES = Training Server
2. Development Server
* Configuration (200 client)
* Sandbox (210 client)
* Data Change (220 client)
3. Quality Server
* Standby (300 client)
* Testing (310 client)
4. Production Server
* Pre-Production (400 client)
* Real Production (500 client)
What is the role of abapers? What is the Work Bench?
Abaper is a application programmer who retrives the data from the database and show it to the end-user with the help of report..out of three layers of SAP the abaper position is on Application Layer in which SAP programs are develop and then transported to the Production server...
Workbench... The ABAP Workbench contains several tools that allow you to edit specific repository objects. like ABAP Editor , Menu PAinter etc...
How to integrate MM With Fico?
Answer1
By using transaction code OBYC we can get the details of MM, Fico integration.
Answer2
Go to IMG settings in Financial accounting and do the configuration for MM-FI settings
Answer3
Value from MM to FI is defined in OBYC…. on the material master the flow of values are assigned on the Costing, Accounting, etc tabs where the system helps to post the necessary stock values into the appropriate GL accounts. Helps to determine, the GL accounts updated when there is a movement of goods.
What is difference between business area or cost centre?
Business area is a place where the product or the produced components are valued in group or for the total transactions carried out, Right from procurement, production and sales of goods.
Wheras Cost centre is a particular area where the production or the project is taken up and expenditure is identified separately with a separate GL account
How to create Tax Calculation Procedure?
Answer1:
Tax calculation procedures based on the countries depended. one country is using deferent of tax procedures. We are creating new country also and at what type calculation procedures present is running on the country and it is assigned which country used.
Answer2:
Tax calculation procedures based on the country wise using . and which country is used at what percent and it is used on the country. We are creating new country also at what percent it is used and it is assigned to using of this country.
What is the difference between business area and profit center?
Answer1:
Business area is where the total business is valuated as a whole
Whereas Profit centre is an area where the company/work place allows the outside agency to use its machinery for external profits (eq: A CNC machine which can run 24 hrs a day is utilized in our company for 15 hrs and the balance 9 hrs is let out for addition to the company's profit) is known as Profit Centre.
Answer2:
Business area is related term to FI module and Profit centre is related to CO module. One business area can have one or more profit centers.
Answer3:
Business area is gared on external accounting where as profit centers are used for internal accounting purposes
What is Legaccy System Migration Workbench? How it can be carried out in SAP SD?
Answer1:
LSMW is widely used by EDI programmers. EDI Programmers connect the SAP system to Non SAP system. During this Data migration is a necessity. When data migrates from source to destination the destination code is differrent from the source code. So what LSMW does is
* Converts the data in to batch files
* Then converts the batch files in to source code batch files
* And then mirgates data. Standard Interfaces like BAPI or Idoc are used in this process.
Answer2:
LSMW is used for migrating data from a legacy system to SAP system, or from one SAP system to another.
Apart from standard batch/direct input and recordings, BAPI and IDocs are available as additional import methods for processing the legacy data.
The LSMW comprises the following main steps:
* Read data (legacy data in spreadsheet tables and/or sequential files).
* Convert data (from the source into the target format).
* Import data (to the database used by the R/3 application.
But, before these steps, you need to perform following steps :
* Define source structure : structure of data in the source file.
* Define target structure : structure of SAP that receives data.
* Field mapping: Mapping between the source and target structure with conversions, if any.
* Specify file: location of the source file
Of all the methods used for data migration like BDC, LSMW , Call Transaction which one is used most of the time? How is the decision made which method should be followed? What is the procedure followed for this analysis?
All the 3 methods are used to migrate data. Selection of these methods depends on the scenario, amount of data need to transfer. LSMW is a ready tool provided by SAP and you have to follow some 17 steps to migrate master data. While in BDCs Session method is the better choice because of some advantages over call transaction. But call transaction is also very useful to do immediate updation of small amout of data. (In call transaction developer has to handle errors).
Bottom line is make choice of these methods based of real time requirements.
These methods are chosen completely based on situation you are in. Direct input method is not available for all scenarios; else, they are the simplest ones. In batch input method, you need to do recording for the transaction concerned. Similarly, IDoc, and BAPI are there, and use of these need to be decided based on the requirement.
Try to go through the some material on these four methods, and implement them. You will then have a fair idea about when to use which.
Listing and exclusion is used in chemical and pharma industries for ex:-Particular customer is not having a valid license of selling some chemical/Medicines and he is ordering the same. in this case listing and exclusion is useful
What is the schema you use in Time Management?
Schema : TC00
What is the work relation between SAP-MM, SD and fi/co modules?
SAP is the integration of all the modules and the topics are very relavent to each other because basically its management skillsetgroup. From manufacturing the product/goods/services to reaching the customer. All the transaction process is depending on sales area, sales doc, item proposals, shipping, delivery and billing.
In SAP-HR, What is the landscape of your project?
Landscape in SAP consists the following: 1. IDES = Training Server
2. Development Server
* Configuration (200 client)
* Sandbox (210 client)
* Data Change (220 client)
3. Quality Server
* Standby (300 client)
* Testing (310 client)
4. Production Server
* Pre-Production (400 client)
* Real Production (500 client)
What is the role of abapers? What is the Work Bench?
Abaper is a application programmer who retrives the data from the database and show it to the end-user with the help of report..out of three layers of SAP the abaper position is on Application Layer in which SAP programs are develop and then transported to the Production server...
Workbench... The ABAP Workbench contains several tools that allow you to edit specific repository objects. like ABAP Editor , Menu PAinter etc...
How to integrate MM With Fico?
Answer1
By using transaction code OBYC we can get the details of MM, Fico integration.
Answer2
Go to IMG settings in Financial accounting and do the configuration for MM-FI settings
Answer3
Value from MM to FI is defined in OBYC…. on the material master the flow of values are assigned on the Costing, Accounting, etc tabs where the system helps to post the necessary stock values into the appropriate GL accounts. Helps to determine, the GL accounts updated when there is a movement of goods.
What is difference between business area or cost centre?
Business area is a place where the product or the produced components are valued in group or for the total transactions carried out, Right from procurement, production and sales of goods.
Wheras Cost centre is a particular area where the production or the project is taken up and expenditure is identified separately with a separate GL account
How to create Tax Calculation Procedure?
Answer1:
Tax calculation procedures based on the countries depended. one country is using deferent of tax procedures. We are creating new country also and at what type calculation procedures present is running on the country and it is assigned which country used.
Answer2:
Tax calculation procedures based on the country wise using . and which country is used at what percent and it is used on the country. We are creating new country also at what percent it is used and it is assigned to using of this country.
What is the difference between business area and profit center?
Answer1:
Business area is where the total business is valuated as a whole
Whereas Profit centre is an area where the company/work place allows the outside agency to use its machinery for external profits (eq: A CNC machine which can run 24 hrs a day is utilized in our company for 15 hrs and the balance 9 hrs is let out for addition to the company's profit) is known as Profit Centre.
Answer2:
Business area is related term to FI module and Profit centre is related to CO module. One business area can have one or more profit centers.
Answer3:
Business area is gared on external accounting where as profit centers are used for internal accounting purposes
What is Legaccy System Migration Workbench? How it can be carried out in SAP SD?
Answer1:
LSMW is widely used by EDI programmers. EDI Programmers connect the SAP system to Non SAP system. During this Data migration is a necessity. When data migrates from source to destination the destination code is differrent from the source code. So what LSMW does is
* Converts the data in to batch files
* Then converts the batch files in to source code batch files
* And then mirgates data. Standard Interfaces like BAPI or Idoc are used in this process.
Answer2:
LSMW is used for migrating data from a legacy system to SAP system, or from one SAP system to another.
Apart from standard batch/direct input and recordings, BAPI and IDocs are available as additional import methods for processing the legacy data.
The LSMW comprises the following main steps:
* Read data (legacy data in spreadsheet tables and/or sequential files).
* Convert data (from the source into the target format).
* Import data (to the database used by the R/3 application.
But, before these steps, you need to perform following steps :
* Define source structure : structure of data in the source file.
* Define target structure : structure of SAP that receives data.
* Field mapping: Mapping between the source and target structure with conversions, if any.
* Specify file: location of the source file
Of all the methods used for data migration like BDC, LSMW , Call Transaction which one is used most of the time? How is the decision made which method should be followed? What is the procedure followed for this analysis?
All the 3 methods are used to migrate data. Selection of these methods depends on the scenario, amount of data need to transfer. LSMW is a ready tool provided by SAP and you have to follow some 17 steps to migrate master data. While in BDCs Session method is the better choice because of some advantages over call transaction. But call transaction is also very useful to do immediate updation of small amout of data. (In call transaction developer has to handle errors).
Bottom line is make choice of these methods based of real time requirements.
These methods are chosen completely based on situation you are in. Direct input method is not available for all scenarios; else, they are the simplest ones. In batch input method, you need to do recording for the transaction concerned. Similarly, IDoc, and BAPI are there, and use of these need to be decided based on the requirement.
Try to go through the some material on these four methods, and implement them. You will then have a fair idea about when to use which.
Thursday, December 25, 2008
SAP Interview Questions Answers Vol - 3
Name some drawbacks of SAP ?
Interfaces are huge problem, Determine where master data resides, Expensive, very complex, demands highly trained staff, lengthy implementation time.
What is Bex?
Bex stands for Business Explorer. Bex enables end user to locate reports, view reports, analyze information and can execute queries. The queries in workbook can be saved to there respective roles in the Bex browser. Bex has the following components: Bex Browser, Bex analyzer, Bex Map, Bex Web.
What are variables?
Variables are parameters of a query that are set in the parameter query definition and are not filled with values until the queries are inserted into workbooks. There are different types of variables which are used in different application: Characteristics variables, Hierarchies and hierarchy node, Texts, Formulas, Processing types, User entry/Default type, Replacment Path.
What is AWB?. What is its purpose?
AWB stands for Administrator WorkBench. AWB is a tool for controlling, monitoring and maintaining all the processes connected with data staging and processing in the business information whearhousing.
What is the significance of ODS in BIW?
An ODS Object serves to store consolidated and debugged transaction data on a document level (atomic level). It describes a consolidated dataset from one or more InfoSources. This dataset can be analyzed with a BEx Query or InfoSet Query. The data of an ODS Object can be updated with a delta update into InfoCubes and/or other ODS Objects in the same system or across systems. In contrast to multi-dimensional data storage with InfoCubes, the data in ODS Objects is stored in transparent, flat database tables.
What are the different types of source system?
SAP R/3 Source Systems, SAP BW, Flat Files and External Systems.
What is Extractor?
Extractors is a data retrieval mechanisms in the SAP source system. Which can fill the extract structure of a data source with the data from the SAP source system datasets. The extractor may be able to supply data to more fields than exist in the extract structure.
Describe how SAP handles Memory Management?
ST02 / ST03 In general via table buffers, you could go into the whole Work Process, roll in, roll out, heap (private) memory, etc. However just as a Unix or DBA admin would know, is you look this up when needed for the exact specifics.
Describe where they would look at the buffer statistics, and what steps they would use to adjust them?
ST02, RZ10 ...
Describe how to setup a printer in SAP or where they would look to research why a user/users can not print?
SPAD, SP01, SM50, SU01 ...
Can you create a table with fields not referring to data elements?
YES. eg:- ITAB LIKE SPFLI.here we are referring to a data object(SPFLI) not data element.
What are the different types of data dictionary objects? tables, structures, views, domains, data elements, lock objects, Match code objects.
What should be the approach for writing a BDC program?
STEP 1: CONVERTING THE LEGACY SYSTEM DATA TO A FLAT FILE to internal table CALLED "CONVERSION".
STEP 2: TRANSFERING THE FLAT FILE INTO SAP SYSTEM CALLED "SAP DATA TRANSFER".
STEP 3: DEPENDING UPON THE BDC TYPE
i)call transaction(Write the program explicity)
ii) create sessions (sessions are created and processed.if success data will transfer).
What are the problems in processing batch input sessions and How is batch input process different from processing online?
PROBLEMS: i) If the user forgets to opt for keep session then the session will be automatically removed from the session queue(log remains). However if session is processed we may delete it manually.
ii)if session processing fails data will not be transferred to SAP database table.
What does an extract statement do in the ABAP program?
Once you have declared the possible record types as field groups and defined their structure, you can fill the extract dataset using the following statements: EXTRACT. When the first EXTRACT statement occurs in a program, the system creates the extract dataset and adds the first extract record to it. In each subsequent EXTRACT statement, the new extract record is added to the dataset EXTRACT HEADER. When you extract the data, the record is filled with the current values of the corresponding fields. As soon as the system has processed the first EXTRACT statement for a field group , the structure of the corresponding extract record in the extract dataset is fixed. You can no longer insert new fields into the field groups and HEADER. If you try to modify one of the field groups afterwards and use it in another EXTRACT statement, a runtime error occurs. By processing EXTRACT statements several times using different field groups, you fill the extract dataset with records of different length and structure. Since you can modify field groups dynamically up to their first usage in an EXTRACT statement, extract datasets provide the advantage that you need not determine the structure at the beginning of the program.
Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary but not in the data base physically?
NO. TRANSPARENT TABLE DO EXIST WITH THE SAME STRUCTURE BOTH IN THE DICTIONARY AS WELL AS IN THE DATABASE,EXACTLY WITH THE SAME DATA AND FIELDS.
What is the step by step process to create a table in data dictionary?
step 1: creating domains(data type, field length, range).
step 2: creating data elements(properties and type for a table field).
step 3: creating tables(SE11).
Interfaces are huge problem, Determine where master data resides, Expensive, very complex, demands highly trained staff, lengthy implementation time.
What is Bex?
Bex stands for Business Explorer. Bex enables end user to locate reports, view reports, analyze information and can execute queries. The queries in workbook can be saved to there respective roles in the Bex browser. Bex has the following components: Bex Browser, Bex analyzer, Bex Map, Bex Web.
What are variables?
Variables are parameters of a query that are set in the parameter query definition and are not filled with values until the queries are inserted into workbooks. There are different types of variables which are used in different application: Characteristics variables, Hierarchies and hierarchy node, Texts, Formulas, Processing types, User entry/Default type, Replacment Path.
What is AWB?. What is its purpose?
AWB stands for Administrator WorkBench. AWB is a tool for controlling, monitoring and maintaining all the processes connected with data staging and processing in the business information whearhousing.
What is the significance of ODS in BIW?
An ODS Object serves to store consolidated and debugged transaction data on a document level (atomic level). It describes a consolidated dataset from one or more InfoSources. This dataset can be analyzed with a BEx Query or InfoSet Query. The data of an ODS Object can be updated with a delta update into InfoCubes and/or other ODS Objects in the same system or across systems. In contrast to multi-dimensional data storage with InfoCubes, the data in ODS Objects is stored in transparent, flat database tables.
What are the different types of source system?
SAP R/3 Source Systems, SAP BW, Flat Files and External Systems.
What is Extractor?
Extractors is a data retrieval mechanisms in the SAP source system. Which can fill the extract structure of a data source with the data from the SAP source system datasets. The extractor may be able to supply data to more fields than exist in the extract structure.
Describe how SAP handles Memory Management?
ST02 / ST03 In general via table buffers, you could go into the whole Work Process, roll in, roll out, heap (private) memory, etc. However just as a Unix or DBA admin would know, is you look this up when needed for the exact specifics.
Describe where they would look at the buffer statistics, and what steps they would use to adjust them?
ST02, RZ10 ...
Describe how to setup a printer in SAP or where they would look to research why a user/users can not print?
SPAD, SP01, SM50, SU01 ...
Can you create a table with fields not referring to data elements?
YES. eg:- ITAB LIKE SPFLI.here we are referring to a data object(SPFLI) not data element.
What are the different types of data dictionary objects? tables, structures, views, domains, data elements, lock objects, Match code objects.
What should be the approach for writing a BDC program?
STEP 1: CONVERTING THE LEGACY SYSTEM DATA TO A FLAT FILE to internal table CALLED "CONVERSION".
STEP 2: TRANSFERING THE FLAT FILE INTO SAP SYSTEM CALLED "SAP DATA TRANSFER".
STEP 3: DEPENDING UPON THE BDC TYPE
i)call transaction(Write the program explicity)
ii) create sessions (sessions are created and processed.if success data will transfer).
What are the problems in processing batch input sessions and How is batch input process different from processing online?
PROBLEMS: i) If the user forgets to opt for keep session then the session will be automatically removed from the session queue(log remains). However if session is processed we may delete it manually.
ii)if session processing fails data will not be transferred to SAP database table.
What does an extract statement do in the ABAP program?
Once you have declared the possible record types as field groups and defined their structure, you can fill the extract dataset using the following statements: EXTRACT. When the first EXTRACT statement occurs in a program, the system creates the extract dataset and adds the first extract record to it. In each subsequent EXTRACT statement, the new extract record is added to the dataset EXTRACT HEADER. When you extract the data, the record is filled with the current values of the corresponding fields. As soon as the system has processed the first EXTRACT statement for a field group , the structure of the corresponding extract record in the extract dataset is fixed. You can no longer insert new fields into the field groups and HEADER. If you try to modify one of the field groups afterwards and use it in another EXTRACT statement, a runtime error occurs. By processing EXTRACT statements several times using different field groups, you fill the extract dataset with records of different length and structure. Since you can modify field groups dynamically up to their first usage in an EXTRACT statement, extract datasets provide the advantage that you need not determine the structure at the beginning of the program.
Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary but not in the data base physically?
NO. TRANSPARENT TABLE DO EXIST WITH THE SAME STRUCTURE BOTH IN THE DICTIONARY AS WELL AS IN THE DATABASE,EXACTLY WITH THE SAME DATA AND FIELDS.
What is the step by step process to create a table in data dictionary?
step 1: creating domains(data type, field length, range).
step 2: creating data elements(properties and type for a table field).
step 3: creating tables(SE11).
Tuesday, December 23, 2008
EJB Interview Questions Answers Vol - 2
What is the new basic requirement for a CMP entity bean class in 2.0 from that of ejb 1.1?
It must be abstract class. The container extends it and implements methods which are required for managing the relationships
What’s new in the EJB 2.0 specification?
Following are some of the main features supported in EJB 2.0:
1. Integration of EJB with JMS,
2. Message Driven Beans,
3. Implement additional Business methods in Home interface which are not specific for bean instance, EJB QL.
How can I access EJB from ASP?
We can use the Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition Client Access Services (J2EETM CAS) COM Bridge 1.0, currently downloadable from Sun
What is the relationship between local interfaces and container-managed relationships?
Entity beans that have container-managed relationships with other entity beans, must be accessed in the same local scope as those related beans, and therefore typically provide a local client view. In order to be the target of a container-managed relationship, an entity bean with container-managed persistence must provide a local interface.
Are enterprise beans allowed to use Thread.sleep()?
Enterprise beans make use of the services provided by the EJB container, such as life-cycle management. To avoid conflicts with these services, enterprise beans are restricted from performing certain operations: Managing or synchronizing threads
What is the difference between a Coarse Grained Entity Bean and a Fine Grained Entity Bean?
A ‘fine grained’ entity bean is directly mapped to one relational table, in third normal form. A ‘coarse grained’ entity bean is larger and more complex, either because its attributes include values or lists from other tables, or because it ‘owns’ one or more sets of dependent objects. Note that the coarse grained bean might be mapped to a single table or flat file, but that single table is going to be pretty ugly, with data copied from other tables, repeated field groups, columns that are dependent on non-key fields, etc. Fine grained entities are generally considered a liability in large systems because they will tend to increase the load on several of the EJB server’s subsystems (there will be more objects exported through the distribution layer, more objects participating in transactions, more skeletons in memory, more EJB Objects in memory, etc.)
What is EJBDoclet?
EJBDoclet is an open source JavaDoc doclet that generates a lot of the EJB related source files from custom JavaDoc comments tags embedded in the EJB source file.
What is the difference between session and entity beans?
An entity bean represents persistent global data from the database; a session bean represents transient user-specific data that will die when the user disconnects (ends his session). Generally, the session beans implement business methods (e.g. Bank.transferFunds) that call entity beans (e.g. Account.deposit, Account.withdraw)
Is it legal to have static initializer blocks in EJB?
Although technically it is legal, static initializer blocks are used to execute some piece of code before executing any constructor or method while instantiating a class. Static initializer blocks are also typically used to initialize static fields - which may be illegal in EJB if they are read/write - In EJB this can be achieved by including the code in either the ejbCreate(), setSessionContext() or setEntityContext() methods
It must be abstract class. The container extends it and implements methods which are required for managing the relationships
What’s new in the EJB 2.0 specification?
Following are some of the main features supported in EJB 2.0:
1. Integration of EJB with JMS,
2. Message Driven Beans,
3. Implement additional Business methods in Home interface which are not specific for bean instance, EJB QL.
How can I access EJB from ASP?
We can use the Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition Client Access Services (J2EETM CAS) COM Bridge 1.0, currently downloadable from Sun
What is the relationship between local interfaces and container-managed relationships?
Entity beans that have container-managed relationships with other entity beans, must be accessed in the same local scope as those related beans, and therefore typically provide a local client view. In order to be the target of a container-managed relationship, an entity bean with container-managed persistence must provide a local interface.
Are enterprise beans allowed to use Thread.sleep()?
Enterprise beans make use of the services provided by the EJB container, such as life-cycle management. To avoid conflicts with these services, enterprise beans are restricted from performing certain operations: Managing or synchronizing threads
What is the difference between a Coarse Grained Entity Bean and a Fine Grained Entity Bean?
A ‘fine grained’ entity bean is directly mapped to one relational table, in third normal form. A ‘coarse grained’ entity bean is larger and more complex, either because its attributes include values or lists from other tables, or because it ‘owns’ one or more sets of dependent objects. Note that the coarse grained bean might be mapped to a single table or flat file, but that single table is going to be pretty ugly, with data copied from other tables, repeated field groups, columns that are dependent on non-key fields, etc. Fine grained entities are generally considered a liability in large systems because they will tend to increase the load on several of the EJB server’s subsystems (there will be more objects exported through the distribution layer, more objects participating in transactions, more skeletons in memory, more EJB Objects in memory, etc.)
What is EJBDoclet?
EJBDoclet is an open source JavaDoc doclet that generates a lot of the EJB related source files from custom JavaDoc comments tags embedded in the EJB source file.
What is the difference between session and entity beans?
An entity bean represents persistent global data from the database; a session bean represents transient user-specific data that will die when the user disconnects (ends his session). Generally, the session beans implement business methods (e.g. Bank.transferFunds) that call entity beans (e.g. Account.deposit, Account.withdraw)
Is it legal to have static initializer blocks in EJB?
Although technically it is legal, static initializer blocks are used to execute some piece of code before executing any constructor or method while instantiating a class. Static initializer blocks are also typically used to initialize static fields - which may be illegal in EJB if they are read/write - In EJB this can be achieved by including the code in either the ejbCreate(), setSessionContext() or setEntityContext() methods
Monday, December 22, 2008
SAP Interview Questions Answers Vol - 2
What should be the approach for writing a BDC program?
Convert the legacy system data to a flat file and convert flat file into internal table. Transfer the flat file into sap system called “sap data transfer”. Call transaction(Write the program explicitly) or create sessions (sessions are created and processed ,if success data will transfer).
Explain open SQL vs native SQL?
ABAP Native SQL allows you to include database-specific SQL statements in an ABAP program. Most ABAP programs containing database-specific SQL statements do not run with different databases. If different databases are involved, use Open SQL. To execute ABAP Native SQL in an ABAP program, use the statement EXEC. Open SQL (Subset of standard SQL statements), allows you to access all database tables available in the R/3 System, regardless of the manufacturer. To avoid conflicts between database tables and to keep ABAP programs independent from the database system used, SAP has generated its own set of SQL statements known as Open SQL.
What are datasets?
The sequential files (processed on application server) are called datasets. They are used for file handling in SAP.
What are internal tables check table, value table, and transparent table?
Internal table: It is a standard data type object, which exists only during the runtime of the program. Check table: Check table will be at field level checking. Value table: Value table will be at domain level checking ex: scarr table is check table for carrid. Transparent table: - Exists with the same structure both in dictionary as well as in database exactly with the same data and fields.
What are the major benefits of reporting with BW over R/3? Would it be sufficient just to Web-enable R/3 Reports?
Performance — Heavy reporting along with regular OLTP transactions can produce a lot of load both on the R/3 and the database (cpu, memory, disks, etc). Just take a look at the load put on your system during a month end, quarter end, or year-end — now imagine that occurring even more frequently. Data analysis — BW uses a Data Warehouse and OLAP concepts for storing and analyzing data, where R/3 was designed for transaction processing. With a lot of work you can get the same analysis out of R/3 but most likely would be easier from a BW.
How can an ERP such as SAP help a business owner learn more about how business operates?
In order to use an ERP system, a business person must understand the business processes and how they work together from one functional area to the other. This knowledge gives the student a much deeper understanding of how a business operates. Using SAP as a tool to learn about ERP systems will require that the people understand the business processes and how they integrate.
What is the difference between OLAP and Data Mining?
OLAP - On line Analytical processing is a reporting tool configured to understand your database schema ,composition facts and dimensions . By simple point-n-clicking, a user can run any number of canned or user-designed reports without having to know anything of SQL or the schema. Because of that prior configuration, the OLAP engine “builds” and executes the appropriate SQL. Mining is to build the application to specifically look at detailed analyses, often algorithmic; even more often misappropriate called “reporting.
What is “Extended Star Schema” and how did it emerge?
The Star Schema consists of the Dimension Tables and the Fact Table. The Master Data related tables are kept in separate tables, which has reference to the characteristics in the dimension table(s). These separate tables for master data is termed as the Extended Star Schema.
Define Meta data, Master data and Transaction data ?
Meta Data: Data that describes the structure of data or MetaObjects is called Metadata. In other words data about data is known as Meta Data. Master Data: Master data is data that remains unchanged over a long period of time. It contains information that is always needed in the same way. Characteristics can bear master data in BW. With master data you are dealing with attributes, texts or hierarchies. Transaction data: Data relating to the day-to-day transactions is the Transaction data.
Convert the legacy system data to a flat file and convert flat file into internal table. Transfer the flat file into sap system called “sap data transfer”. Call transaction(Write the program explicitly) or create sessions (sessions are created and processed ,if success data will transfer).
Explain open SQL vs native SQL?
ABAP Native SQL allows you to include database-specific SQL statements in an ABAP program. Most ABAP programs containing database-specific SQL statements do not run with different databases. If different databases are involved, use Open SQL. To execute ABAP Native SQL in an ABAP program, use the statement EXEC. Open SQL (Subset of standard SQL statements), allows you to access all database tables available in the R/3 System, regardless of the manufacturer. To avoid conflicts between database tables and to keep ABAP programs independent from the database system used, SAP has generated its own set of SQL statements known as Open SQL.
What are datasets?
The sequential files (processed on application server) are called datasets. They are used for file handling in SAP.
What are internal tables check table, value table, and transparent table?
Internal table: It is a standard data type object, which exists only during the runtime of the program. Check table: Check table will be at field level checking. Value table: Value table will be at domain level checking ex: scarr table is check table for carrid. Transparent table: - Exists with the same structure both in dictionary as well as in database exactly with the same data and fields.
What are the major benefits of reporting with BW over R/3? Would it be sufficient just to Web-enable R/3 Reports?
Performance — Heavy reporting along with regular OLTP transactions can produce a lot of load both on the R/3 and the database (cpu, memory, disks, etc). Just take a look at the load put on your system during a month end, quarter end, or year-end — now imagine that occurring even more frequently. Data analysis — BW uses a Data Warehouse and OLAP concepts for storing and analyzing data, where R/3 was designed for transaction processing. With a lot of work you can get the same analysis out of R/3 but most likely would be easier from a BW.
How can an ERP such as SAP help a business owner learn more about how business operates?
In order to use an ERP system, a business person must understand the business processes and how they work together from one functional area to the other. This knowledge gives the student a much deeper understanding of how a business operates. Using SAP as a tool to learn about ERP systems will require that the people understand the business processes and how they integrate.
What is the difference between OLAP and Data Mining?
OLAP - On line Analytical processing is a reporting tool configured to understand your database schema ,composition facts and dimensions . By simple point-n-clicking, a user can run any number of canned or user-designed reports without having to know anything of SQL or the schema. Because of that prior configuration, the OLAP engine “builds” and executes the appropriate SQL. Mining is to build the application to specifically look at detailed analyses, often algorithmic; even more often misappropriate called “reporting.
What is “Extended Star Schema” and how did it emerge?
The Star Schema consists of the Dimension Tables and the Fact Table. The Master Data related tables are kept in separate tables, which has reference to the characteristics in the dimension table(s). These separate tables for master data is termed as the Extended Star Schema.
Define Meta data, Master data and Transaction data ?
Meta Data: Data that describes the structure of data or MetaObjects is called Metadata. In other words data about data is known as Meta Data. Master Data: Master data is data that remains unchanged over a long period of time. It contains information that is always needed in the same way. Characteristics can bear master data in BW. With master data you are dealing with attributes, texts or hierarchies. Transaction data: Data relating to the day-to-day transactions is the Transaction data.
Sunday, December 21, 2008
Java Interview Questions Answers Vol - 5
Name Component subclasses that support painting ?
The Canvas, Frame, Panel, and Applet classes support painting.
What is a native method?
A native method is a method that is implemented in a language other than Java.
How can you write a loop indefinitely?
for(;;)--for loop; while(true)--always true, etc.
Can an anonymous class be declared as implementing an interface and extending a class?
An anonymous class may implement an interface or extend a superclass, but may not be declared to do both.
What is the purpose of finalization?
The purpose of finalization is to give an unreachable object the opportunity to perform any cleanup processing before the object is garbage collected.
When should the method invokeLater()be used?
This method is used to ensure that Swing components are updated through the event-dispatching thread.
How many methods in Object class?
This question is not asked to test your memory. It tests you how well you know Java. Ten in total.
clone()
equals() & hashcode()
getClass()
finalize()
wait() & notify()
toString()
How does Java handle integer overflows and underflows?
It uses low order bytes of the result that can fit into the size of the type allowed by the operation.
What is the numeric promotion?
Numeric promotion is used with both unary and binary bitwise operators. This means that byte, char, and short values are converted to int values before a bitwise operator is applied.
If a binary bitwise operator has one long operand, the other operand is converted to a long value.
The type of the result of a bitwise operation is the type to which the operands have been promoted. For example:
short a = 5;
byte b = 10;
long c = 15;
The type of the result of (a+b) is int, not short or byte. The type of the result of (a+c) or (b+c) is long.
Is the numeric promotion available in other platform?
Yes. Because Java is implemented using a platform-independent virtual machine, bitwise operations always yield the same result, even when run on machines that use radically different CPUs.
What is the difference between the Boolean & operator and the && operator?
If an expression involving the Boolean & operator is evaluated, both operands are evaluated. Then the & operator is applied to the operand. When an expression involving the && operator is evaluated, the first operand is evaluated. If the first operand returns a value of true then the second operand is evaluated. The && operator is then applied to the first and second operands. If the first operand evaluates to false, the evaluation of the second operand is skipped.
Operator & has no chance to skip both sides evaluation and && operator does. If asked why, give details as above.
When is the ArithmeticException throwQuestion: What is the GregorianCalendar class?
The GregorianCalendar provides support for traditional Western calendars.
What is the SimpleTimeZone class?
The SimpleTimeZone class provides support for a Gregorian calendar.
How can a subclass call a method or a constructor defined in a superclass?
Use the following syntax: super.myMethod(); To call a constructor of the superclass, just write super(); in the first line of the subclass's constructor.
What is the Properties class?
The properties class is a subclass of Hashtable that can be read from or written to a stream. It also provides the capability to specify a set of default values to be used.
What is the purpose of the Runtime class?
The purpose of the Runtime class is to provide access to the Java runtime system.
The Canvas, Frame, Panel, and Applet classes support painting.
What is a native method?
A native method is a method that is implemented in a language other than Java.
How can you write a loop indefinitely?
for(;;)--for loop; while(true)--always true, etc.
Can an anonymous class be declared as implementing an interface and extending a class?
An anonymous class may implement an interface or extend a superclass, but may not be declared to do both.
What is the purpose of finalization?
The purpose of finalization is to give an unreachable object the opportunity to perform any cleanup processing before the object is garbage collected.
When should the method invokeLater()be used?
This method is used to ensure that Swing components are updated through the event-dispatching thread.
How many methods in Object class?
This question is not asked to test your memory. It tests you how well you know Java. Ten in total.
clone()
equals() & hashcode()
getClass()
finalize()
wait() & notify()
toString()
How does Java handle integer overflows and underflows?
It uses low order bytes of the result that can fit into the size of the type allowed by the operation.
What is the numeric promotion?
Numeric promotion is used with both unary and binary bitwise operators. This means that byte, char, and short values are converted to int values before a bitwise operator is applied.
If a binary bitwise operator has one long operand, the other operand is converted to a long value.
The type of the result of a bitwise operation is the type to which the operands have been promoted. For example:
short a = 5;
byte b = 10;
long c = 15;
The type of the result of (a+b) is int, not short or byte. The type of the result of (a+c) or (b+c) is long.
Is the numeric promotion available in other platform?
Yes. Because Java is implemented using a platform-independent virtual machine, bitwise operations always yield the same result, even when run on machines that use radically different CPUs.
What is the difference between the Boolean & operator and the && operator?
If an expression involving the Boolean & operator is evaluated, both operands are evaluated. Then the & operator is applied to the operand. When an expression involving the && operator is evaluated, the first operand is evaluated. If the first operand returns a value of true then the second operand is evaluated. The && operator is then applied to the first and second operands. If the first operand evaluates to false, the evaluation of the second operand is skipped.
Operator & has no chance to skip both sides evaluation and && operator does. If asked why, give details as above.
When is the ArithmeticException throwQuestion: What is the GregorianCalendar class?
The GregorianCalendar provides support for traditional Western calendars.
What is the SimpleTimeZone class?
The SimpleTimeZone class provides support for a Gregorian calendar.
How can a subclass call a method or a constructor defined in a superclass?
Use the following syntax: super.myMethod(); To call a constructor of the superclass, just write super(); in the first line of the subclass's constructor.
What is the Properties class?
The properties class is a subclass of Hashtable that can be read from or written to a stream. It also provides the capability to specify a set of default values to be used.
What is the purpose of the Runtime class?
The purpose of the Runtime class is to provide access to the Java runtime system.
Thursday, December 18, 2008
EJB Interview Questions Answers Vol - 1
What are the two important TCP Socket classes?
Socket and ServerSocket.
ServerSocket is used for normal two-way socket communication. Socket class allows us to read and write through the sockets. getInputStream() and getOutputStream() are the two methods available in Socket class.
What technologies are included in J2EE?
The main technologies in J2EE are: Enterprise JavaBeansTM (EJBsTM), JavaServer PagesTM (JSPsTM), Java Servlets, the Java Naming and Directory InterfaceTM (JNDITM), the Java Transaction API (JTA), CORBA, and the JDBCTM data access API.
What is the difference between EJB and Java beans?
EJB is a specification for J2EE server, not a product; Java beans may be a graphical component in IDE.
What is EJB role in J2EE?
EJB technology is the core of J2EE. It enables developers to write reusable and portable server-side business logic for the J2EE platform.
Tell me something about Local Interfaces.
EJB was originally designed around remote invocation using the Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI) mechanism, and later extended to support to standard CORBA transport for these calls using RMI/IIOP. This design allowed for maximum flexibility in developing applications without consideration for the deployment scenario, and was a strong feature in support of a goal of component reuse in J2EE. Many developers are using EJBs locally, that is, some or all of their EJB calls are between beans in a single container. With this feedback in mind, the EJB 2.0 expert group has created a local interface mechanism. The local interface may be defined for a bean during development, to allow streamlined calls to the bean if a caller is in the same container. This does not involve the overhead involved with RMI like marshalling etc. This facility will thus improve the performance of applications in which co-location is planned. Local interfaces also provide the foundation for container-managed relationships among entity beans with container-managed persistence.
What is Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) container?
It manages the execution of enterprise beans for J2EE applications.
Enterprise beans and their container run on the J2EE server.
What is in-memory replication?
The process by which the contents in the memory of one physical m/c are replicated in all the m/c in the cluster is called in-memory replication.
What is Ripple Effect?
The process of propagating the changes in the properties of a server group during runtime to all the associated clones is called Ripple Effect.
What is a Clone?
The copies of a server group are called Clones. But unlike a Server Group Clones are associated with a node and are real server process running in that node.
What are the types of Scaling
There are two types of scaling: Vertical Scaling and Horizontal Scaling.
Vertical Scaling - When multiple server clones of an application server are defined on the same physical m/c, it is called Vertical Scaling. The objective is to use the processing power of that m/c more efficiently.
Horizontal Scaling - When Clones of an application server are defined on multiple physical m/c, it is called Horizontal Scaling. The objective is to use more than one less powerful m/c more efficiently.
What is a Server Group?
A server group is a template of an Application Server(and its contents) i.e, it is a logical representation of the application server. It has the same structure and attributes as the real Application Server, but it is not associated with any node, and does not correspond to any real server process running on any node.
Socket and ServerSocket.
ServerSocket is used for normal two-way socket communication. Socket class allows us to read and write through the sockets. getInputStream() and getOutputStream() are the two methods available in Socket class.
What technologies are included in J2EE?
The main technologies in J2EE are: Enterprise JavaBeansTM (EJBsTM), JavaServer PagesTM (JSPsTM), Java Servlets, the Java Naming and Directory InterfaceTM (JNDITM), the Java Transaction API (JTA), CORBA, and the JDBCTM data access API.
What is the difference between EJB and Java beans?
EJB is a specification for J2EE server, not a product; Java beans may be a graphical component in IDE.
What is EJB role in J2EE?
EJB technology is the core of J2EE. It enables developers to write reusable and portable server-side business logic for the J2EE platform.
Tell me something about Local Interfaces.
EJB was originally designed around remote invocation using the Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI) mechanism, and later extended to support to standard CORBA transport for these calls using RMI/IIOP. This design allowed for maximum flexibility in developing applications without consideration for the deployment scenario, and was a strong feature in support of a goal of component reuse in J2EE. Many developers are using EJBs locally, that is, some or all of their EJB calls are between beans in a single container. With this feedback in mind, the EJB 2.0 expert group has created a local interface mechanism. The local interface may be defined for a bean during development, to allow streamlined calls to the bean if a caller is in the same container. This does not involve the overhead involved with RMI like marshalling etc. This facility will thus improve the performance of applications in which co-location is planned. Local interfaces also provide the foundation for container-managed relationships among entity beans with container-managed persistence.
What is Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) container?
It manages the execution of enterprise beans for J2EE applications.
Enterprise beans and their container run on the J2EE server.
What is in-memory replication?
The process by which the contents in the memory of one physical m/c are replicated in all the m/c in the cluster is called in-memory replication.
What is Ripple Effect?
The process of propagating the changes in the properties of a server group during runtime to all the associated clones is called Ripple Effect.
What is a Clone?
The copies of a server group are called Clones. But unlike a Server Group Clones are associated with a node and are real server process running in that node.
What are the types of Scaling
There are two types of scaling: Vertical Scaling and Horizontal Scaling.
Vertical Scaling - When multiple server clones of an application server are defined on the same physical m/c, it is called Vertical Scaling. The objective is to use the processing power of that m/c more efficiently.
Horizontal Scaling - When Clones of an application server are defined on multiple physical m/c, it is called Horizontal Scaling. The objective is to use more than one less powerful m/c more efficiently.
What is a Server Group?
A server group is a template of an Application Server(and its contents) i.e, it is a logical representation of the application server. It has the same structure and attributes as the real Application Server, but it is not associated with any node, and does not correspond to any real server process running on any node.
Wednesday, December 17, 2008
SAP ABAP Interview Questions Answers Vol - 2
What is ITS?
What are the merits of ITS?- ITS is a Internet Transaction Server. ITS forms an interface between HTTP server and R/3 system, which converts screen provided data by the R/3 system into HTML documents and vice-versa. Merits of ITS: A complete web transaction can be developed and tested in R/3 system. All transaction components, including those used by the ITS outside the R/3 system at runtime, can be stored in the R/3 system. The advantage of automatic language processing in the R/3 system can be utilized to language-dependent HTML documents at runtime.
What is DynPro?
DynPro is a Dynamic Programming which is a combination of screen and the associated flow logic Screen is also called as DynPro.
What are screen painter and menu painter?
Screen painter: Screen painter is a tool to design and maintain screen and its elements. It allows user to create GUI screens for the transactions. Attributes, layout, filed attributes and flow logic are the elements of Screen painter. Menu painter: Menu painter is a tool to design the interface components. Status, menu bars, menu lists, F-key settings, functions and titles are the components of Menu painters. Screen painter and menu painter both are the graphical interface of an ABAP/4 applications.
What are the components of SAP scripts?
SAP scripts is a word processing tool of SAP which has the following components: Standard text. It is like a standard normal documents. Layout sets. - Layout set consists of the following components: Windows and pages, Paragraph formats, Character formats. Creating forms in the R/3 system. Every layout set consists of Header, paragraph, and character string. ABAP/4 program.
What is ALV programming in ABAP? When is this grid used in ABAP?
ALV is Application List viewer. Sap provides a set of ALV (ABAP LIST VIEWER) function modules which can be put into use to embellish the output of a report. This set of ALV functions is used to enhance the readability and functionality of any report output. Cases arise in sap when the output of a report contains columns extending more than 255 characters in length. In such cases, this set of ALV functions can help choose selected columns and arrange the different columns from a report output and also save different variants for report display. This is a very efficient tool for dynamically sorting and arranging the columns from a report output. The report output can contain up to 90 columns in the display with the wide array of display options.
What are the events in ABAP/4 language?
Initialization, At selection-screen, Start-of-selection, end-of-selection, top-of-page, end-of-page, At line-selection, At user-command, At PF, Get, At New, At LAST, AT END, AT FIRST.
What is CTS and what do you know about it?
The Change and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development projects in the ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between the SAP Systems and clients in your system landscape. This documentation provides you with an overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and essential information on setting up your system and client landscape and deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow this documentation when planning your development project.
What are logical databases? What are the advantages/ dis-advantages of logical databases?
To read data from a database tables we use logical database. A logical database provides read-only access to a group of related tables to an ABAP/4 program. Advantages: i)check functions which check that user input is complete, correct,and plausible. ii)Meaningful data selection. iii)central authorization checks for database accesses. iv)good read access performance while retaining the hierarchical data view determined by the application logic. dis advantages: i)If you donot specify a logical database in the program attributes,the GET events never occur. ii)There is no ENDGET command,so the code block associated with an event ends with the next event statement (such as another GET or an END-OF-SELECTION).
What is a batch input session?
BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, program name behind it, and how next screen is processed.
How to upload data using CATT ?
These are the steps to be followed to Upload data through CATT: Creation of the CATT test case & recording the sample data input. Download of the source file template. Modification of the source file. Upload of the data from the source file.
What is Smart Forms?
Smart Forms allows you to create forms using a graphical design tool with robust functionality, color, and more. Additionally, all new forms developed at SAP will be created with the new Smart Form solution.
How can I make a differentiation between dependent and independent data?
Client dependent or independent transfer requirements include client specific or cross client objects in the change requests. Workbench objects like SAPscripts are client specific, some entries in customizing are client independent. If you display the object list for one change request, and then for each object the object attributes, you will find the flag client specific. If one object in the task list has this flag on, then that transport will be client dependent.
What is the difference between macro and subroutine?
Macros can only be used in the program the are defined in and only after the definition are expanded at compilation / generation. Subroutines (FORM) can be called from both the program the are defined in and other programs . A MACRO is more or less an abbreviation for some lines of code that are used more than once or twice. A FORM is a local subroutine (which can be called external). A FUNCTION is (more or less) a subroutine that is called external. Since debugging a MACRO is not really possible, prevent the use of them (I’ve never used them, but seen them in action). If the subroutine is used only local (called internal) use a FORM. If the subroutine is called external (used by more than one program) use a FUNCTION.
What is the differences between structure and table in data dictionary in ABAP?
Structure and table both are 2/2 matrices but there are many differences between table and structure.
1. Table can store the data physically but a structure dose not store.
2. Table can have primary key but a structure dose not have.
3. Table can have the technical attribute but a structure dose not have.
structure doesn't contain technical attributes.
structure doesn't contain primary key.
structure doesn't stores underline database level.
What are the merits of ITS?- ITS is a Internet Transaction Server. ITS forms an interface between HTTP server and R/3 system, which converts screen provided data by the R/3 system into HTML documents and vice-versa. Merits of ITS: A complete web transaction can be developed and tested in R/3 system. All transaction components, including those used by the ITS outside the R/3 system at runtime, can be stored in the R/3 system. The advantage of automatic language processing in the R/3 system can be utilized to language-dependent HTML documents at runtime.
What is DynPro?
DynPro is a Dynamic Programming which is a combination of screen and the associated flow logic Screen is also called as DynPro.
What are screen painter and menu painter?
Screen painter: Screen painter is a tool to design and maintain screen and its elements. It allows user to create GUI screens for the transactions. Attributes, layout, filed attributes and flow logic are the elements of Screen painter. Menu painter: Menu painter is a tool to design the interface components. Status, menu bars, menu lists, F-key settings, functions and titles are the components of Menu painters. Screen painter and menu painter both are the graphical interface of an ABAP/4 applications.
What are the components of SAP scripts?
SAP scripts is a word processing tool of SAP which has the following components: Standard text. It is like a standard normal documents. Layout sets. - Layout set consists of the following components: Windows and pages, Paragraph formats, Character formats. Creating forms in the R/3 system. Every layout set consists of Header, paragraph, and character string. ABAP/4 program.
What is ALV programming in ABAP? When is this grid used in ABAP?
ALV is Application List viewer. Sap provides a set of ALV (ABAP LIST VIEWER) function modules which can be put into use to embellish the output of a report. This set of ALV functions is used to enhance the readability and functionality of any report output. Cases arise in sap when the output of a report contains columns extending more than 255 characters in length. In such cases, this set of ALV functions can help choose selected columns and arrange the different columns from a report output and also save different variants for report display. This is a very efficient tool for dynamically sorting and arranging the columns from a report output. The report output can contain up to 90 columns in the display with the wide array of display options.
What are the events in ABAP/4 language?
Initialization, At selection-screen, Start-of-selection, end-of-selection, top-of-page, end-of-page, At line-selection, At user-command, At PF, Get, At New, At LAST, AT END, AT FIRST.
What is CTS and what do you know about it?
The Change and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development projects in the ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between the SAP Systems and clients in your system landscape. This documentation provides you with an overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and essential information on setting up your system and client landscape and deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow this documentation when planning your development project.
What are logical databases? What are the advantages/ dis-advantages of logical databases?
To read data from a database tables we use logical database. A logical database provides read-only access to a group of related tables to an ABAP/4 program. Advantages: i)check functions which check that user input is complete, correct,and plausible. ii)Meaningful data selection. iii)central authorization checks for database accesses. iv)good read access performance while retaining the hierarchical data view determined by the application logic. dis advantages: i)If you donot specify a logical database in the program attributes,the GET events never occur. ii)There is no ENDGET command,so the code block associated with an event ends with the next event statement (such as another GET or an END-OF-SELECTION).
What is a batch input session?
BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, program name behind it, and how next screen is processed.
How to upload data using CATT ?
These are the steps to be followed to Upload data through CATT: Creation of the CATT test case & recording the sample data input. Download of the source file template. Modification of the source file. Upload of the data from the source file.
What is Smart Forms?
Smart Forms allows you to create forms using a graphical design tool with robust functionality, color, and more. Additionally, all new forms developed at SAP will be created with the new Smart Form solution.
How can I make a differentiation between dependent and independent data?
Client dependent or independent transfer requirements include client specific or cross client objects in the change requests. Workbench objects like SAPscripts are client specific, some entries in customizing are client independent. If you display the object list for one change request, and then for each object the object attributes, you will find the flag client specific. If one object in the task list has this flag on, then that transport will be client dependent.
What is the difference between macro and subroutine?
Macros can only be used in the program the are defined in and only after the definition are expanded at compilation / generation. Subroutines (FORM) can be called from both the program the are defined in and other programs . A MACRO is more or less an abbreviation for some lines of code that are used more than once or twice. A FORM is a local subroutine (which can be called external). A FUNCTION is (more or less) a subroutine that is called external. Since debugging a MACRO is not really possible, prevent the use of them (I’ve never used them, but seen them in action). If the subroutine is used only local (called internal) use a FORM. If the subroutine is called external (used by more than one program) use a FUNCTION.
What is the differences between structure and table in data dictionary in ABAP?
Structure and table both are 2/2 matrices but there are many differences between table and structure.
1. Table can store the data physically but a structure dose not store.
2. Table can have primary key but a structure dose not have.
3. Table can have the technical attribute but a structure dose not have.
structure doesn't contain technical attributes.
structure doesn't contain primary key.
structure doesn't stores underline database level.
Friday, December 12, 2008
How to Make Money Online
How To Make Money Online?
I do not need to sell or offer anything to other people to get my online income. I just need to check on my computer to see the progress of the websites. Sure, I put some advertisement on the Internet; as a result I get my online income. Even without the Internet, with the use of a business card or flyer I can still make money online.
When I first tried the Internet I had grown to love surfing of websites. Using only a laptop and a 56k modem, I went into the world of the Internet. Now I am able to make money online and own several websites that does not require my full attention day in and day out, and those websites can still provide me with a solid source of online income 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year.
All my websites are self-efficient; they work no matter where I am. I have time to spend with my family and still be able to support them. I'm not saying that I have more than enough, I am however, truly happy for having the time to spend with my family. I just want to share with you the joy of having an additional online income and with more time to spend with family.
Earn Money Through Affiliate Marketing Program
Affiliate Marketing is not just about banners and text links. It's about relationships, creating profitable partnerships, finding win/win situations, understanding the complexities of the market and taking care of your partners.Affiliate Marketing is a widespread method of promoting a website, in which an affiliate is rewarded for every visitor, subscriber and/or customer provided through his efforts. It is a modern variation of the practice of paying finder's-fees to individuals who introduce new clients to a business. Compensation may be made based on a certain value for each visit, registrant (Pay-per-lead), or a commission for each customer or sale (Pay-per-Sale).
I do not need to sell or offer anything to other people to get my online income. I just need to check on my computer to see the progress of the websites. Sure, I put some advertisement on the Internet; as a result I get my online income. Even without the Internet, with the use of a business card or flyer I can still make money online.
When I first tried the Internet I had grown to love surfing of websites. Using only a laptop and a 56k modem, I went into the world of the Internet. Now I am able to make money online and own several websites that does not require my full attention day in and day out, and those websites can still provide me with a solid source of online income 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year.
All my websites are self-efficient; they work no matter where I am. I have time to spend with my family and still be able to support them. I'm not saying that I have more than enough, I am however, truly happy for having the time to spend with my family. I just want to share with you the joy of having an additional online income and with more time to spend with family.
Earn Money Through Affiliate Marketing Program
Affiliate Marketing is not just about banners and text links. It's about relationships, creating profitable partnerships, finding win/win situations, understanding the complexities of the market and taking care of your partners.Affiliate Marketing is a widespread method of promoting a website, in which an affiliate is rewarded for every visitor, subscriber and/or customer provided through his efforts. It is a modern variation of the practice of paying finder's-fees to individuals who introduce new clients to a business. Compensation may be made based on a certain value for each visit, registrant (Pay-per-lead), or a commission for each customer or sale (Pay-per-Sale).
Work From Home
Part Time Jobs - Work From Home
Organizations need to process a rapidly growing amount of information. Data entry and information processing workers help ensure the smooth and efficient handling of information. By keying in text, entering data into a computer, operating a variety of office machines, and performing other clerical duties.
Home Typist
There are several companies on the internet that advertise the availability of "home employment" through home typist or ad typist "jobs" with their companies. But, if you've thought about joining any of these programs, and if you re a newcomer to making money online, you'd be well advised to learn about affiliate marketing and how affiliate marketing works BEFORE you pay a fee to sign on with any of these programs. That way, you can make a more informed decision as to whether or not these opportunities would be a good fit for you before you fork over your money.
The truth is, if you sign on with any of these companies hoping to be employed as an "ad typist," "home typist," or "independent typist," you will not be "hired" as an "employee" of the company as their advertising suggests. These companies actually operate an affiliate program (also known as an associate program), and once you pay to join, your success with the program will depend upon your knowing how to market affiliate programs.
PaidSurveys–How can you earn?
Surveys are simple Questions and Answers or forms .You will get the surveys by email. It will take just 5 to 10 minutes to complete the survey. For Each and Every survey you complete, you will get money. You can even do this work from your home. Companies need your opinions to understand how to reach their customers. Because of this, companies are willing to pay people like you very good money. Taking online surveys in your spare time is a great way to make some extra money and you can even do it in your part time. Our members participate in hundreds of FREE MONEY surveys and opportunities without any investment - Join us with a Free Paid Surveys membership and start your online jobs immediately....
Organizations need to process a rapidly growing amount of information. Data entry and information processing workers help ensure the smooth and efficient handling of information. By keying in text, entering data into a computer, operating a variety of office machines, and performing other clerical duties.
Home Typist
There are several companies on the internet that advertise the availability of "home employment" through home typist or ad typist "jobs" with their companies. But, if you've thought about joining any of these programs, and if you re a newcomer to making money online, you'd be well advised to learn about affiliate marketing and how affiliate marketing works BEFORE you pay a fee to sign on with any of these programs. That way, you can make a more informed decision as to whether or not these opportunities would be a good fit for you before you fork over your money.
The truth is, if you sign on with any of these companies hoping to be employed as an "ad typist," "home typist," or "independent typist," you will not be "hired" as an "employee" of the company as their advertising suggests. These companies actually operate an affiliate program (also known as an associate program), and once you pay to join, your success with the program will depend upon your knowing how to market affiliate programs.
PaidSurveys–How can you earn?
Surveys are simple Questions and Answers or forms .You will get the surveys by email. It will take just 5 to 10 minutes to complete the survey. For Each and Every survey you complete, you will get money. You can even do this work from your home. Companies need your opinions to understand how to reach their customers. Because of this, companies are willing to pay people like you very good money. Taking online surveys in your spare time is a great way to make some extra money and you can even do it in your part time. Our members participate in hundreds of FREE MONEY surveys and opportunities without any investment - Join us with a Free Paid Surveys membership and start your online jobs immediately....
Thursday, December 11, 2008
JAVA Interview Questions Answers Vol - 4
What is the purpose of the wait(), notify(), and notifyAll() methods?
The wait(),notify(), and notifyAll() methods are used to provide an efficient way for threads to communicate each other.
What are the high-level thread states?
The high-level thread states are ready, running, waiting, and dead.
What is the difference between yielding and sleeping?
When a task invokes its yield() method, it returns to the ready state. When a task invokes its sleep() method, it returns to the waiting state.
What happens when a thread cannot acquire a lock on an object?
If a thread attempts to execute a synchronized method or synchronized statement and is unable to acquire an object's lock, it enters the waiting state until the lock becomes available.
What is the difference between Process and Thread?
A process can contain multiple threads. In most multithreading operating systems, a process gets its own memory address space; a thread doesn't. Threads typically share the heap belonging to their parent process. For instance, a JVM runs in a single process in the host O/S. Threads in the JVM share the heap belonging to that process; that's why several threads may access the same object. Typically, even though they share a common heap, threads have their own stack space. This is how one thread's invocation of a method is kept separate from another's. This is all a gross oversimplification, but it's accurate enough at a high level. Lots of details differ between operating systems. Process vs. Thread A program vs. similar to a sequential program an run on its own vs. Cannot run on its own Unit of allocation vs. Unit of execution Have its own memory space vs. Share with others Each process has one or more threads vs. Each thread belongs to one process Expensive, need to context switch vs. Cheap, can use process memory and may not need to context switch More secure. One process cannot corrupt another process vs. Less secure. A thread can write the memory used by another thread
Can an inner class declared inside of a method access local variables of this method?
It's possible if these variables are final.
What can go wrong if you replace &emp;&emp; with &emp; in the following code: String a=null; if (a!=null && a.length()>10) {...}
A single ampersand here would lead to a NullPointerException.
What is the Vector class?
The Vector class provides the capability to implement a growable array of objects
What modifiers may be used with an inner class that is a member of an outer class?
A (non-local) inner class may be declared as public, protected, private, static, final, or abstract.
If a method is declared as protected, where may the method be accessed?
A protected method may only be accessed by classes or interfaces of the same package or by subclasses of the class in which it is declared.
What is an Iterator interface?
The Iterator interface is used to step through the elements of a Collection.
How many bits are used to represent Unicode, ASCII, UTF-16, and UTF-8 characters?
Unicode requires 16 bits and ASCII require 7 bits. Although the ASCII character set uses only 7 bits, it is usually represented as 8 bits. UTF-8 represents characters using 8, 16, and 18 bit patterns. UTF-16 uses 16-bit and larger bit patterns.
What's the main difference between a Vector and an ArrayList?
Java Vector class is internally synchronized and ArrayList is not.
What are wrapped classes?
Wrapped classes are classes that allow primitive types to be accessed as objects.
Does garbage collection guarantee that a program will not run out of memory?
No, it doesn't. It is possible for programs to use up memory resources faster than they are garbage collected. It is also possible for programs to create objects that are not subject to garbage collection.
What is the difference between preemptive scheduling and time slicing?
Under preemptive scheduling, the highest priority task executes until it enters the waiting or dead states or a higher priority task comes into existence. Under time slicing, a task executes for a predefined slice of time and then reenters the pool of ready tasks. The scheduler then determines which task should execute next, based on priority and other factors.
The wait(),notify(), and notifyAll() methods are used to provide an efficient way for threads to communicate each other.
What are the high-level thread states?
The high-level thread states are ready, running, waiting, and dead.
What is the difference between yielding and sleeping?
When a task invokes its yield() method, it returns to the ready state. When a task invokes its sleep() method, it returns to the waiting state.
What happens when a thread cannot acquire a lock on an object?
If a thread attempts to execute a synchronized method or synchronized statement and is unable to acquire an object's lock, it enters the waiting state until the lock becomes available.
What is the difference between Process and Thread?
A process can contain multiple threads. In most multithreading operating systems, a process gets its own memory address space; a thread doesn't. Threads typically share the heap belonging to their parent process. For instance, a JVM runs in a single process in the host O/S. Threads in the JVM share the heap belonging to that process; that's why several threads may access the same object. Typically, even though they share a common heap, threads have their own stack space. This is how one thread's invocation of a method is kept separate from another's. This is all a gross oversimplification, but it's accurate enough at a high level. Lots of details differ between operating systems. Process vs. Thread A program vs. similar to a sequential program an run on its own vs. Cannot run on its own Unit of allocation vs. Unit of execution Have its own memory space vs. Share with others Each process has one or more threads vs. Each thread belongs to one process Expensive, need to context switch vs. Cheap, can use process memory and may not need to context switch More secure. One process cannot corrupt another process vs. Less secure. A thread can write the memory used by another thread
Can an inner class declared inside of a method access local variables of this method?
It's possible if these variables are final.
What can go wrong if you replace &emp;&emp; with &emp; in the following code: String a=null; if (a!=null && a.length()>10) {...}
A single ampersand here would lead to a NullPointerException.
What is the Vector class?
The Vector class provides the capability to implement a growable array of objects
What modifiers may be used with an inner class that is a member of an outer class?
A (non-local) inner class may be declared as public, protected, private, static, final, or abstract.
If a method is declared as protected, where may the method be accessed?
A protected method may only be accessed by classes or interfaces of the same package or by subclasses of the class in which it is declared.
What is an Iterator interface?
The Iterator interface is used to step through the elements of a Collection.
How many bits are used to represent Unicode, ASCII, UTF-16, and UTF-8 characters?
Unicode requires 16 bits and ASCII require 7 bits. Although the ASCII character set uses only 7 bits, it is usually represented as 8 bits. UTF-8 represents characters using 8, 16, and 18 bit patterns. UTF-16 uses 16-bit and larger bit patterns.
What's the main difference between a Vector and an ArrayList?
Java Vector class is internally synchronized and ArrayList is not.
What are wrapped classes?
Wrapped classes are classes that allow primitive types to be accessed as objects.
Does garbage collection guarantee that a program will not run out of memory?
No, it doesn't. It is possible for programs to use up memory resources faster than they are garbage collected. It is also possible for programs to create objects that are not subject to garbage collection.
What is the difference between preemptive scheduling and time slicing?
Under preemptive scheduling, the highest priority task executes until it enters the waiting or dead states or a higher priority task comes into existence. Under time slicing, a task executes for a predefined slice of time and then reenters the pool of ready tasks. The scheduler then determines which task should execute next, based on priority and other factors.
Tuesday, December 9, 2008
SAP Modules Interview Questions Answers Vol - 1
What is the difference between updated project and end to end project. explain
Answer1:
Some organisations select to implement SAP module by module, thus gets updated as per their convenience / schedule. This is called as updated project.
Some organisations simply plan all integrated functional modules and decide to go-live with all functional modules and take their entire operations on SAP. This is called as End to End SAP implementation project.
Answer2:
Upgrade Project is a project where in SAP is already in place and it is the version upgrade from a lower end to a higher version.
End to End project is a project where SAP is implemented for the first time.
What is Ranking order in automatic payment program ?
Its the priority assigned to each house bank which helps Automatic Payment program choose the house bank for payment in case there are more than one bank satisfying the payment program.
If a payment program ends up selecting more than one(say 4) bank for payment, the ranking of the banks helps it select one bank from the list of (say 4) selected banks.
What is SAP APO?
Answer1:
SAP APO stands for Advanced Planner and Optimizer, which is one area of SCM and application component of MySAP product. Its is designed to provide solutions for companies in Demand planning, network design, supply network planning, production planning and global available to promise, transportation and scheduling.
Answer2:
Prior to SCM4.0 (-APO3.1) APO was a system, now from SCM4.0 APO is a function of SCM not a system as SCM now includes ECH and CM
What are the support tickets given in SAP fico module? please give some examples.
Support tickets are basically the problems that arise in day to day usage of SAP.
So any sap fico consultant who is resolving the day to day production issues is actually supporting the tickets.
How is bank reconciliation handled in SAP?
The following are the steps for BRS:
1. Create Bank Master Data - This can be created through T.Code FI01 or you can also create the house bank through IMG/FA/Bank accounting/Bank account
2. Define House Bank
3. Set up Bank selection payment programe- IMG/FA/ARAP/BT/AUTOIP/PM/Bank selection for payment prg.
a. setup all co codes for payment transaction - Customer and vendors
b.setup paying co codes for payment transactions
c.setup payment method per country
d.setup payment method per co code for payment transaction
e.setup bank determination for payment transaction
Please go for Cheque mangement using T code FCHI (IMG/FA/ARAP/BT/OP/AutoOp/PaymentMedia/CheckManagement) and for void reasons FCHV. You can create Bank Reconcilliation statement by TC FF67 (SAP/AC/Treasury/CashManagement/Incomings/ManualBankStatement) . Don't forget to keep the opening Balance as zero. Use FBEA for post process.
All the steps together will lead to (FF67) Bank reconciliation statement.
How do you configure electronic bank statement?
Answer1:
Following is the sequence of configuration to be done for Electronis Bank Statment(EBS):
1. create Tranaction types( which helps you group all the house baks with same External transaction code).
2. assign them to house banks.
3 create and define posting rule keys .
4 assign them to external transaction codes.
external transaction codes are bank specific codes for buisness tranactions( which it issues in each EBS) each one for each type of payment. eg. transfer order, foreign transfer,bill of exchange etc.
5 define posting specification for G/L posting as well as subledger posting
6. define account symbols(which determines the G/L account to be posted to) and assign them to posting keys.
Answer2:
1. Create account symbols
2. Create gl accounts ans assign t account symbols
3. Create posting keys:
4. Posting rules
5. Assing external transactions
How do you configure manual bank statement?
configuration is required during electronic bank statment not in mannual bank stament.
In mannual bank statment you just have to enter the data on screen and save it.
What is dunning?
Dunning is actually the process by which you “bill” or “invoice” a customer for past due items.
With regards bad Checks for example dunning procedure could follow these steps:
• Step 1: Phone call to customer on receipt of bad check – at this stage, perform the journal posting outlined in section on Returned Checks
• Step 2: Letter to customer (+10 days)
• Step 3: Letter to CO (+7 days)
• Step 4: Legal letter to customer (? DD139) (+13 days)
• Step 5: Issue DD139 (+10 days)
• Step 6: Follow-up on DD139 (dispersing officer) (+45 days)
• Step 7: Write-off (after 6 months)
Steps 2-6 above will be handled by dunning levels in SAP.
Configuration before dunning can be carried out
1. Defining Dunning Area
2. Define Dunning Keys
3. Define Dunning Block Reasons
4. Dunning Procedure
• Define Dunning Procedure (T. Code – FBMP), To set up a Dunning Procedure, the following must be specified: number of Dunning Levels (1-9) Dunning Texts, Standard Text can also be included in the Dunning Texts. Dunning Procedure major parameters: Dunning Interval, Number of Dunning Levels, Grace Period
5. Assign Dunning Procedure to Customer / Vendors Accounts (T. Code – XD02)
6. Define Correspondence Types (T. Code – OB77)
7. Assign Company Codes to Correspondence company Codes
8. Assign Programs for Correspondence Types (OB78)
9. Dunning Run: Transaction Code: F150
Menu Path: accounting > financial accounting > accounts receivable > periodic processing > dunning.
Note: Whenever you schedule more than one dunning run a day, the "Identification" number must change. You may run several dunning runs on the same date but the "Identification" name must be different as well as certain parameters such as the “Dunning Date” and “Documents Posted up to” date.
What is the difference between profit center accounting and Profitability analysis ?
profit center accounting is basicaly done for internal controlling purposes. It lets you determine the profit and loss using the cost of sale approach or period accounting approach. Here you can find the profit from an "area of reponsibility or pserson" point of view.this is accound based costing
Whereas in Profitability analysis, market segments based on product , cutomer,order aor any comobination of these are studied to find wots the profit. PA provides information to the marketing,sales and planning department so that they can make decisions. PA has two forms account based and CO based.
both these are tools for profit management, and both are alternative. They are not same.
What are the manufacturing cost of a producting ?
Materail cost + Productions cost = Manufacturing cost
What is the difference between stock transfer between two plants belongs to same company code and to that of different company code?
In 1st case it is called as intra company stock transfer and the 2nd case is inter company stock transfer
Stock Transfer between plants of same company code only includes inventory movement without any pricing and so called Stock Transfer Order where Stock Transfer between plants of different company code is same as a purchase order as along with the inventory there is also accounts transfer (pricing) involved.
Answer1:
Some organisations select to implement SAP module by module, thus gets updated as per their convenience / schedule. This is called as updated project.
Some organisations simply plan all integrated functional modules and decide to go-live with all functional modules and take their entire operations on SAP. This is called as End to End SAP implementation project.
Answer2:
Upgrade Project is a project where in SAP is already in place and it is the version upgrade from a lower end to a higher version.
End to End project is a project where SAP is implemented for the first time.
What is Ranking order in automatic payment program ?
Its the priority assigned to each house bank which helps Automatic Payment program choose the house bank for payment in case there are more than one bank satisfying the payment program.
If a payment program ends up selecting more than one(say 4) bank for payment, the ranking of the banks helps it select one bank from the list of (say 4) selected banks.
What is SAP APO?
Answer1:
SAP APO stands for Advanced Planner and Optimizer, which is one area of SCM and application component of MySAP product. Its is designed to provide solutions for companies in Demand planning, network design, supply network planning, production planning and global available to promise, transportation and scheduling.
Answer2:
Prior to SCM4.0 (-APO3.1) APO was a system, now from SCM4.0 APO is a function of SCM not a system as SCM now includes ECH and CM
What are the support tickets given in SAP fico module? please give some examples.
Support tickets are basically the problems that arise in day to day usage of SAP.
So any sap fico consultant who is resolving the day to day production issues is actually supporting the tickets.
How is bank reconciliation handled in SAP?
The following are the steps for BRS:
1. Create Bank Master Data - This can be created through T.Code FI01 or you can also create the house bank through IMG/FA/Bank accounting/Bank account
2. Define House Bank
3. Set up Bank selection payment programe- IMG/FA/ARAP/BT/AUTOIP/PM/Bank selection for payment prg.
a. setup all co codes for payment transaction - Customer and vendors
b.setup paying co codes for payment transactions
c.setup payment method per country
d.setup payment method per co code for payment transaction
e.setup bank determination for payment transaction
Please go for Cheque mangement using T code FCHI (IMG/FA/ARAP/BT/OP/AutoOp/PaymentMedia/CheckManagement) and for void reasons FCHV. You can create Bank Reconcilliation statement by TC FF67 (SAP/AC/Treasury/CashManagement/Incomings/ManualBankStatement) . Don't forget to keep the opening Balance as zero. Use FBEA for post process.
All the steps together will lead to (FF67) Bank reconciliation statement.
How do you configure electronic bank statement?
Answer1:
Following is the sequence of configuration to be done for Electronis Bank Statment(EBS):
1. create Tranaction types( which helps you group all the house baks with same External transaction code).
2. assign them to house banks.
3 create and define posting rule keys .
4 assign them to external transaction codes.
external transaction codes are bank specific codes for buisness tranactions( which it issues in each EBS) each one for each type of payment. eg. transfer order, foreign transfer,bill of exchange etc.
5 define posting specification for G/L posting as well as subledger posting
6. define account symbols(which determines the G/L account to be posted to) and assign them to posting keys.
Answer2:
1. Create account symbols
2. Create gl accounts ans assign t account symbols
3. Create posting keys:
4. Posting rules
5. Assing external transactions
How do you configure manual bank statement?
configuration is required during electronic bank statment not in mannual bank stament.
In mannual bank statment you just have to enter the data on screen and save it.
What is dunning?
Dunning is actually the process by which you “bill” or “invoice” a customer for past due items.
With regards bad Checks for example dunning procedure could follow these steps:
• Step 1: Phone call to customer on receipt of bad check – at this stage, perform the journal posting outlined in section on Returned Checks
• Step 2: Letter to customer (+10 days)
• Step 3: Letter to CO (+7 days)
• Step 4: Legal letter to customer (? DD139) (+13 days)
• Step 5: Issue DD139 (+10 days)
• Step 6: Follow-up on DD139 (dispersing officer) (+45 days)
• Step 7: Write-off (after 6 months)
Steps 2-6 above will be handled by dunning levels in SAP.
Configuration before dunning can be carried out
1. Defining Dunning Area
2. Define Dunning Keys
3. Define Dunning Block Reasons
4. Dunning Procedure
• Define Dunning Procedure (T. Code – FBMP), To set up a Dunning Procedure, the following must be specified: number of Dunning Levels (1-9) Dunning Texts, Standard Text can also be included in the Dunning Texts. Dunning Procedure major parameters: Dunning Interval, Number of Dunning Levels, Grace Period
5. Assign Dunning Procedure to Customer / Vendors Accounts (T. Code – XD02)
6. Define Correspondence Types (T. Code – OB77)
7. Assign Company Codes to Correspondence company Codes
8. Assign Programs for Correspondence Types (OB78)
9. Dunning Run: Transaction Code: F150
Menu Path: accounting > financial accounting > accounts receivable > periodic processing > dunning.
Note: Whenever you schedule more than one dunning run a day, the "Identification" number must change. You may run several dunning runs on the same date but the "Identification" name must be different as well as certain parameters such as the “Dunning Date” and “Documents Posted up to” date.
What is the difference between profit center accounting and Profitability analysis ?
profit center accounting is basicaly done for internal controlling purposes. It lets you determine the profit and loss using the cost of sale approach or period accounting approach. Here you can find the profit from an "area of reponsibility or pserson" point of view.this is accound based costing
Whereas in Profitability analysis, market segments based on product , cutomer,order aor any comobination of these are studied to find wots the profit. PA provides information to the marketing,sales and planning department so that they can make decisions. PA has two forms account based and CO based.
both these are tools for profit management, and both are alternative. They are not same.
What are the manufacturing cost of a producting ?
Materail cost + Productions cost = Manufacturing cost
What is the difference between stock transfer between two plants belongs to same company code and to that of different company code?
In 1st case it is called as intra company stock transfer and the 2nd case is inter company stock transfer
Stock Transfer between plants of same company code only includes inventory movement without any pricing and so called Stock Transfer Order where Stock Transfer between plants of different company code is same as a purchase order as along with the inventory there is also accounts transfer (pricing) involved.
Sunday, December 7, 2008
SAP ABAP Interview Questions Vol - 1
What is an ABAP?
ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) is a high level programming language created by the German software company SAP. It is currently positioned as the language for programming SAP's Web Application Server, part of its NetWeaver platform for building business applications. Its syntax is somewhat similar to COBOL.
What is an ABAP data dictionary?
ABAP 4 data dictionary describes the logical structures of the objects used in application development and shows how they are mapped to the underlying relational database in tables/views.
What are domains and data element?
Domains:Domain is the central object for describing the technical characteristics of an attribute of an business objects. It describes the value range of the field. Data Element: It is used to describe the semantic definition of the table fields like description the field. Data element describes how a field can be displayed to end-user.
What is foreign key relationship?
A relationship which can be defined between tables and must be explicitly defined at field level. Foreign keys are used to ensure the consistency of data. Data entered should be checked against existing data to ensure that there are now contradiction. While defining foreign key relationship cardinality has to be specified. Cardinality mentions how many dependent records or how referenced records are possible.
Describe data classes.
Master data: It is the data which is seldom changed. Transaction data: It is the data which is often changed. Organization data: It is a customizing data which is entered in the system when the system is configured and is then rarely changed. System data:It is the data which R/3 system needs for itself.
What are indexes?
Indexes are described as a copy of a database table reduced to specific fields. This data exists in sorted form. This sorting form ease fast access to the field of the tables. In order that other fields are also read, a pointer to the associated record of the actual table are included in the index. The indexes are activated along with the table and are created automatically with it in the database.
Difference between transparent tables and pooled tables.
Transparent tables: Transparent tables in the dictionary has a one-to-one relation with the table in database. Its structure corresponds to single database field. Table in the database has the same name as in the dictionary. Transparent table holds application data. Pooled tables. Pooled tables in the dictionary has a many-to-one relation with the table in database. Table in the database has the different name as in the dictionary. Pooled table are stored in table pool at the database level.
What is an ABAP/4 Query?
ABAP/4 Query is a powerful tool to generate simple reports without any coding. ABAP/4 Query can generate the following 3 simple reports: Basic List: It is the simple reports. Statistics: Reports with statistical functions like Average, Percentages. Ranked Lists: For analytical reports. - For creating a ABAP/4 Query, programmer has to create user group and a functional group. Functional group can be created using with or without logical database table. Finally, assign user group to functional group. Finally, create a query on the functional group generated.
What is BDC programming?
Transferring of large/external/legacy data into SAP system using Batch Input programming. Batch input is a automatic procedure referred to as BDC(Batch Data Communications). The central component of the transfer is a queue file which receives the data vie a batch input programs and groups associated data into “sessions”.
What are the functional modules used in sequence in BDC?
These are the 3 functional modules which are used in a sequence to perform a data transfer successfully using BDC programming: BDC_OPEN_GROUP - Parameters like Name of the client, sessions and user name are specified in this functional modules. BDC_INSERT - It is used to insert the data for one transaction into a session. BDC_CLOSE_GROUP - This is used to close the batch input session.
What are internal tables?
Internal tables are a standard data type object which exists only during the runtime of the program. They are used to perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organizing the contents of database tables according to users need.
ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) is a high level programming language created by the German software company SAP. It is currently positioned as the language for programming SAP's Web Application Server, part of its NetWeaver platform for building business applications. Its syntax is somewhat similar to COBOL.
What is an ABAP data dictionary?
ABAP 4 data dictionary describes the logical structures of the objects used in application development and shows how they are mapped to the underlying relational database in tables/views.
What are domains and data element?
Domains:Domain is the central object for describing the technical characteristics of an attribute of an business objects. It describes the value range of the field. Data Element: It is used to describe the semantic definition of the table fields like description the field. Data element describes how a field can be displayed to end-user.
What is foreign key relationship?
A relationship which can be defined between tables and must be explicitly defined at field level. Foreign keys are used to ensure the consistency of data. Data entered should be checked against existing data to ensure that there are now contradiction. While defining foreign key relationship cardinality has to be specified. Cardinality mentions how many dependent records or how referenced records are possible.
Describe data classes.
Master data: It is the data which is seldom changed. Transaction data: It is the data which is often changed. Organization data: It is a customizing data which is entered in the system when the system is configured and is then rarely changed. System data:It is the data which R/3 system needs for itself.
What are indexes?
Indexes are described as a copy of a database table reduced to specific fields. This data exists in sorted form. This sorting form ease fast access to the field of the tables. In order that other fields are also read, a pointer to the associated record of the actual table are included in the index. The indexes are activated along with the table and are created automatically with it in the database.
Difference between transparent tables and pooled tables.
Transparent tables: Transparent tables in the dictionary has a one-to-one relation with the table in database. Its structure corresponds to single database field. Table in the database has the same name as in the dictionary. Transparent table holds application data. Pooled tables. Pooled tables in the dictionary has a many-to-one relation with the table in database. Table in the database has the different name as in the dictionary. Pooled table are stored in table pool at the database level.
What is an ABAP/4 Query?
ABAP/4 Query is a powerful tool to generate simple reports without any coding. ABAP/4 Query can generate the following 3 simple reports: Basic List: It is the simple reports. Statistics: Reports with statistical functions like Average, Percentages. Ranked Lists: For analytical reports. - For creating a ABAP/4 Query, programmer has to create user group and a functional group. Functional group can be created using with or without logical database table. Finally, assign user group to functional group. Finally, create a query on the functional group generated.
What is BDC programming?
Transferring of large/external/legacy data into SAP system using Batch Input programming. Batch input is a automatic procedure referred to as BDC(Batch Data Communications). The central component of the transfer is a queue file which receives the data vie a batch input programs and groups associated data into “sessions”.
What are the functional modules used in sequence in BDC?
These are the 3 functional modules which are used in a sequence to perform a data transfer successfully using BDC programming: BDC_OPEN_GROUP - Parameters like Name of the client, sessions and user name are specified in this functional modules. BDC_INSERT - It is used to insert the data for one transaction into a session. BDC_CLOSE_GROUP - This is used to close the batch input session.
What are internal tables?
Internal tables are a standard data type object which exists only during the runtime of the program. They are used to perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organizing the contents of database tables according to users need.
Friday, December 5, 2008
SAP Interview Questions Answers Vol - 1
What is SAP?
SAP is the name of the company founded in 1972 under the German name (Systems, Applications, and Products in Data Processing) is the leading ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) software package.
SAP Basics feature
* Configuration of the SAP modules
o Transaction SPRO - this is the main tree for all the configuration.
* Function Key
o F1 - Help
o F4 - Possible entries or matchcode for the field you are accessing
o F5 - Selection screen
o F7 - Previous screen
o F8 - Next screen
o F9 - Technical info
o CTRL+X - Cut
o CTRL+C - Copy
o CTRL+V - Paste
* Navigation
o /n Skip to the next record if you are processing one batch input session
o /bend Cancel a batch input foreground process
o /nend Close all R/3 sessions and logoff
o /nxxx x Call the transaction xxxx in the same session
o /o Generate a session list
o /oxxx x Call the transaction xxxx in an additional session
o /i Delete the current session
o /h Turn the debug mode on
o /$tab Reset all buffers (for System Administrators)
o /$syn c Synchronize instances buffers (for System Administrators)
In 4.x, you can have long SAP transaction code up to a maximum of 20 character
Different types of ERP ?
SAP, BAAN, JD Edwards, Oracle Financials, Siebel, PeopleSoft. Among all the ERP’s most of the companies implemented or trying to implement SAP because of number of advantages aver other ERP packages.
What is ERP?
ERP is a package with the techniques and concepts for the integrated management of business as a whole, for effective use of management resources, to improve the efficiency of an enterprise. Initially, ERP was targeted for manufacturing industry mainly for planning and managing core business like production and financial market. As the growth and merits of ERP package ERP software is designed for basic process of a company from manufacturing to small shops with a target of integrating information across the company.
Explain the concept of “Business Content” in SAP Business Information Warehouse?
Business Content is a pre-configured set of role and task-relevant information models based on consistent Metadata in the SAP Business Information Warehouse. Business Content provides selected roles within a company with the information they need to carry out their tasks. These information models essentially contain roles, workbooks, queries, InfoSources, InfoCubes, key figures, characteristics, update rules and extractors for SAP R/3, mySAP.com Business Applications and other selected applications.
Why do you usually choose to implement SAP?
There are number of technical reasons numbers of companies are planning to implement SAP. It’s highly configurable, highly secure data handling, min data redundancy, max data consistency, you can capitalize on economics of sales like purchasing, tight integration-cross function.
Can BW run without a SAP R/3 implementation?
Certainly. You can run BW without R/3 implementation. You can use pre-defined business content in BW using your non-SAP data. Here you simply need to map the transfer structures associated with BW data sources (InfoCubes, ODS tables) to the inbound data files or use 3rd part tool to connect your flat files and other data sources and load data in BW. Several third party ETL products such as Acta, Infomatica, DataStage and others will have been certified to load data in BW.
What is IDES?
International Demonstration and Education System. A sample application provided for faster learning and implementation.
What is WF and its importance?
Business Work Flow: Tool for automatic control and execution of cross-application processes. This involves coordinating the persons involved, the work steps required, the data, which needs to be processed (business objects). The main advantage is reduction in throughput times and the costs involved in managing business processes. Transparency and quality are enhanced by its use.
What is SAP R/3?
A third generation set of highly integrated software modules that performs common business function based on multinational leading practice. Takes care of any enterprise however diverse in operation, spread over the world. In R/3 system all the three servers like presentation, application server and database server are located at different system.
What are presentation, application and database servers in SAP R/3?
The application layer of an R/3 System is made up of the application servers and the message server. Application programs in an R/3 System are run on application servers. The application servers communicate with the presentation components, the database, and also with each other, using the message server. All the data are stored in a centralized server. This server is called database server.
SAP is the name of the company founded in 1972 under the German name (Systems, Applications, and Products in Data Processing) is the leading ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) software package.
SAP Basics feature
* Configuration of the SAP modules
o Transaction SPRO - this is the main tree for all the configuration.
* Function Key
o F1 - Help
o F4 - Possible entries or matchcode for the field you are accessing
o F5 - Selection screen
o F7 - Previous screen
o F8 - Next screen
o F9 - Technical info
o CTRL+X - Cut
o CTRL+C - Copy
o CTRL+V - Paste
* Navigation
o /n Skip to the next record if you are processing one batch input session
o /bend Cancel a batch input foreground process
o /nend Close all R/3 sessions and logoff
o /nxxx x Call the transaction xxxx in the same session
o /o Generate a session list
o /oxxx x Call the transaction xxxx in an additional session
o /i Delete the current session
o /h Turn the debug mode on
o /$tab Reset all buffers (for System Administrators)
o /$syn c Synchronize instances buffers (for System Administrators)
In 4.x, you can have long SAP transaction code up to a maximum of 20 character
Different types of ERP ?
SAP, BAAN, JD Edwards, Oracle Financials, Siebel, PeopleSoft. Among all the ERP’s most of the companies implemented or trying to implement SAP because of number of advantages aver other ERP packages.
What is ERP?
ERP is a package with the techniques and concepts for the integrated management of business as a whole, for effective use of management resources, to improve the efficiency of an enterprise. Initially, ERP was targeted for manufacturing industry mainly for planning and managing core business like production and financial market. As the growth and merits of ERP package ERP software is designed for basic process of a company from manufacturing to small shops with a target of integrating information across the company.
Explain the concept of “Business Content” in SAP Business Information Warehouse?
Business Content is a pre-configured set of role and task-relevant information models based on consistent Metadata in the SAP Business Information Warehouse. Business Content provides selected roles within a company with the information they need to carry out their tasks. These information models essentially contain roles, workbooks, queries, InfoSources, InfoCubes, key figures, characteristics, update rules and extractors for SAP R/3, mySAP.com Business Applications and other selected applications.
Why do you usually choose to implement SAP?
There are number of technical reasons numbers of companies are planning to implement SAP. It’s highly configurable, highly secure data handling, min data redundancy, max data consistency, you can capitalize on economics of sales like purchasing, tight integration-cross function.
Can BW run without a SAP R/3 implementation?
Certainly. You can run BW without R/3 implementation. You can use pre-defined business content in BW using your non-SAP data. Here you simply need to map the transfer structures associated with BW data sources (InfoCubes, ODS tables) to the inbound data files or use 3rd part tool to connect your flat files and other data sources and load data in BW. Several third party ETL products such as Acta, Infomatica, DataStage and others will have been certified to load data in BW.
What is IDES?
International Demonstration and Education System. A sample application provided for faster learning and implementation.
What is WF and its importance?
Business Work Flow: Tool for automatic control and execution of cross-application processes. This involves coordinating the persons involved, the work steps required, the data, which needs to be processed (business objects). The main advantage is reduction in throughput times and the costs involved in managing business processes. Transparency and quality are enhanced by its use.
What is SAP R/3?
A third generation set of highly integrated software modules that performs common business function based on multinational leading practice. Takes care of any enterprise however diverse in operation, spread over the world. In R/3 system all the three servers like presentation, application server and database server are located at different system.
What are presentation, application and database servers in SAP R/3?
The application layer of an R/3 System is made up of the application servers and the message server. Application programs in an R/3 System are run on application servers. The application servers communicate with the presentation components, the database, and also with each other, using the message server. All the data are stored in a centralized server. This server is called database server.
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